【摘要】 为揭示冲击地压的发生机理，分析了多个冲击地压实例，提出冲击地压的新分类及其发生机制。研究结果表明：存在两种不同破坏类型的冲击地压，定义为煤体破碎型和煤体滑动型，前者以煤体的冲击破碎为显著特征，后者以煤体整体冲入巷道内为主要特征。煤体破碎型冲击地压的发生机理为破裂冲击机理，即煤体在高应力作用下破裂后围岩发生弹性回弹，对煤体产生准动态加载，导致煤体发生冲击破坏；煤体滑动型冲击地压的机理为卸载滑脱机理，即特定条件下顶板向上挠曲导致煤层竖直压力降低，竖向夹持力降低的煤体在水平应力作用下整体冲入巷道。研究结论可为冲击地压的分类和精准防治提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Clarifying the mechanism of coal bump is a necessary content for effective prevention and control of coal bump. The paper summarizes the apparent characteristics of multiple implementations of coal bump and proposes a new classification of coal bump based on this. In response to the new classification, their occurrence mechanisms were proposed. Research has shown that there are two different types of occurrences, which are defined as coal-crushing bump and coal-sliding bump. The former is characterized by coal crushing, while the latter is mainly characterized by the sliding of coal into the roadway in its entirety. Two types of coal bump mechanisms were proposed for two types of coal bump occurrence. The mechanism of coal-crushing bump is that the coal mass is crushed under quasi dynamic loading because the surrounding rock undergoes elastic rebound after the coal mass fractures under high stress, which is the fracturing-bursting mechanism. The mechanism of coal-sliding bump is that the upward bending of the roof leads to a decrease in the vertical pressure of the coal seam. The coal loses its grip overcomes the friction between the roof and floor, as well as the tensile resistance of the coal, and then sliding into the roadway as a whole under the action of horizontal stress, which is the unloading-sliding mechanism.更多还原