【摘要】 当已经发生或即将发生放射性核素急性大量摄入时，对于确定效应（或组织反应）剂量范围，需要一个能够快速估计敏感靶器官或组织在短时间内吸收辐射能量的技术手段或工具，从而能够基于国际原子能机构（IAEA）安全导则GSG-2进行核与辐射应急响应和其他响应行动决策，尽可能地减少受照射人员的急性大剂量照射、保护人员的生命健康。本文在系统研究国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）呼吸道模型、系统模型、消化道模型设计原理和参数建立依据基础上，编写²⁴¹Am为代表的超铀核素吸入后的滞留排泄份额m（t）计算程序，计算事故吸入²⁴¹Am后敏感靶器官的短期相对生物效应（RBE）加权吸收剂量AD（30）_T系数，并经验证确保计算结果正确。更多还原

【Abstract】 When an acute high intake of radionuclide has occurred or is going to occur in the dose range close to deterministic effect（or tissue reaction）, it is needed for a technical platform or tool used to quickly estimate the short-term absorbed dose in interested organs or tissues, in order to make decision for nuclear and radiation response actions and other response actions suggested by IAEA Safety Guide No.GSG-2, which can minimize large radiation dose to the people exposed and then protect the health of the people actually. Therefore this paper focuses on the followings: studying the designing principle and models’ parameters foundation of the International Commission on Radiological Protection（ICRP） Human Respiratory Tract Model（HRTM）, Systemic Model, Human Alimentary Tract Model（HATM） and Wound Model; compiling the retention and excretion fraction m（t） calculation codes, after its verification, to calculate the target organ’s RBE weighted absorbed dose AD（30）_T for an urgent inhalation of ²⁴¹Am, and the correctness of the results are ensured by comparison of two persons’ results.更多还原