【摘要】 【目的】建立芦笋抗茎枯病快速鉴定方法，为芦笋抗病育种及抗病品种的筛选应用提供技术支持。【方法】分别采用毒素浸种法、毒素浸根法、分生孢子悬浮液浸种法、分生孢子悬浮液灌根法和田间自然诱发法测定7个芦笋品种对芦笋茎枯病的抗病性。【结果】芦笋茎枯病菌毒素浸种24 h对格兰德、佳芦1号、早佳1号、丰岛1号、华淼、TC和UC157F₂的种子萌发抑制率分别为3.62%、4.29%、13.98%、4.26%、2.19%、4.95%和15.00%，可将7个供试品种划分为感病和中抗2个类型，UC157F₂和早佳1号为感病品种，其他品种表现为中抗。毒素原液浸根处理对格兰德、佳芦1号、早佳1号、丰岛1号、华淼、TC和UC157F₂的根生长抑制率分别为80.94%、73.72%、82.29%、71.77%、65.86%、69.39%和82.35%，可将供试的7个芦笋品种划分为感病、中感和中抗3个类型，UC157F₂、早佳1号和格兰德为感病品种，佳芦1号和丰岛1号为中感品种，TC和华淼为中抗品种。芦笋茎枯病菌分生孢子悬浮液浸种对供试芦笋种子萌发抑制作用较强，其中1.0×10⁵个孢子·mL^-1的分生孢子悬浮液浸种处理对格兰德、佳芦1号、早佳1号、丰岛1号、华淼、TC和UC157F₂的种子萌发抑制率分别为43.88%、40.97%、41.67%、32.87%、29.59%、28.52%和61.23%，可将7个供试品种分为感病、中感和中抗3个类型，UC157F₂为感病品种，格兰德、早佳1号和佳芦1号为中感品种，丰岛1号、华淼和TC为中抗品种。分生孢子悬浮液灌根后所有供试品种的发病率均在80%以上，不能有效区分供试品种的抗病性。田间自然诱发法可将7个供试品种划分为感病、中感和中抗3个类型，UC157F₂为感病品种，早佳1号、格兰德和佳芦1号为中感品种，丰岛1号、华淼和TC为中抗品种。【结论】病菌分生孢子悬浮液浸种法对芦笋品种的抗茎枯病鉴定结果与田间自然诱发法鉴定结果在0.01水平上显著相关，可以与田间自然诱发法相结合快速准确鉴定芦笋种质资源对茎枯病的抗性水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】A method was developed to rapidly evaluate the resistance of an asparagus cultivar to stem blight.【Method】Seven asparagus cultivars with varying degrees of resistance to stem blight were selected for the study.To artificially induce the disease,（1） the asparagus seeds and/or roots were soaked in an aqueous solution containing the mycotoxin produced by Phomopsis asparagi,（2） the asparagus seeds were submerged in P.asparagi spore suspension,or （3）the asparagus roots were irrigated with an aqueous P.asparagi spore suspension to compare with （4） the natural induction on asparagus plants in the field.Seed germination and seedling root growth were monitored to grade the disease resistance or susceptibility of each asparagus variety.【Result】After 24h soaking in an aqueous solution containing mycotoxin,the seeds of Grande,Jialu No.1,Zaojia No.1,Fengdao No.1,Huamiao,TC and UC157F₂ displayed inhibited germination at the rates of3.62%,4.29%,13.98%,4.26%,2.19%,4.95%and 15.00%,respectively.Accordingly,UC157F₂ and Zaojia No.1 were classified as the susceptible varieties and the remainders moderately resistant ones.As the root growth of Grande,Jialu No.1,Zaojia No.1,Fengdao No.1,Huamiao,TC and UC157F₂ plants affected by an exposure to mycotoxin were inhibited at the rates of 80.94%,73.72%,82.29%,71.77%,65.86%,69.39% and 82.35%,respectively,the asparagus cultivars UC157F₂,Zaojia No.1 and Grande were grouped in the susceptible class,Jialu No.1 and Fengdao No.1 in the moderately susceptible class,and TC and Huamiao in the moderately resistant class.The significant inhibition on germination by soaking the seeds in suspension of 1.0×10⁵ P.asparagi spores·mL^-1 was at a rate of 43.88%on the Grande seeds,40.97%on the Jialu No.1 seeds,41.67%on the Zaojia No.1 seeds,32.87%on the Fengdao No.1 seeds,29.59%on the Huamiao seeds,28.52%on the TC seeds,and 61.23%on the UC157F₂ seeds.The results placed UC157F₂ in the susceptible,Grande,Zaojia No.1 and Jialu No.1in the moderately susceptible,and Fengdao No.1,Huamiao and TC in the moderately resistant classifications.When the plants were irrigated with the P.asparagi spore suspension,the disease incidence on all tested asparagus was greater than 80%and not adequate to differentiate the resistance grades.Finally,in comparison,the stem blight-induced UC157F₂ plants in the field was the susceptible cultivar,whereas Zaojia No.1,Grande,Jialu No.1 and Fengdao No.1 were the moderately susceptible and Huamiao and TC the moderately resistant varieties.【Conclusion】Of the various methods for comparing resistance to stem blight of asparagus varieties,soaking the seeds in P.asparagi spore suspension rendered the classification closest to that obtained by the field induction （P<0.01）.Therefore,along with field observation,it could be reliably applied to quickly estimate the disease resistance of an asparagus cultivar.更多还原