【摘要】 碳泡沫复合材料的性能易受前驱体制约，为优化碳泡沫复合材料前驱体的性能，以酚醛树脂为基体，酚醛微球为分散相，埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）为增强相，经模压成型、高温固化处理，制备了HNTs改性酚醛复合泡沫。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、万能试验机和热重分析仪等对该酚醛复合泡沫的微观结构、力学性能、热稳定性能进行表征分析。结果表明，HNTs相的引入，可显著提高酚醛复合泡沫料的力学强度与断裂韧性，这得益于酚醛微球和HNTs有效阻碍了裂纹扩展，消耗裂纹扩展功。HNTs质量分数为4%的酚醛复合泡沫，压缩强度和比压缩强度均达到最大，分别为15.4 MPa和38.7 MPa·cm³·g^-1,较纯酚醛复合泡沫分别提高了65.6%和59.3%。改性酚醛复合泡沫具有良好的热稳定性，起始分解温度均在350℃以上。800℃下的残炭率均超过60.8%,最高可达68.3%,这得益于HNTs对树脂基体分解的延缓与热量传递的延缓。埃洛石纳米管改性酚醛复合泡沫的研发，有助于提高其衍生碳泡沫材料的综合性能，对碳泡沫材料应用于空天领域具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Properties of carbon foam composites were restricted by their precursor. In order to optimize the precursor of carbon foam composites, halloysite nanotubes（HNTs） modified phenolic composite foams were synthesized by compression molding and high-temperature curing treatment, with phenolic microspheres as dispersed phase, phenolic resin as matrix and HNTs as reinforcement. The microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal stability of the phenolic composite foams were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM）, universal testing machine and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the mechanical strength and fracture toughness improved significantly with the introduction of HNTs, due to the fact that phenolic microspheres′ phase and HNTs phase effectively hinder crack propagation and consume crack propagation energy. The compressive strength and specific compressive strength achieved the maximum for the phenolic composite foam with 4% HNTs, 15.4 MPa and 38.7 MPa·cm³·g^-1, respectively, which were 65.6% and 59.3% higher than those of the pure phenolic composite foam. The modified phenolic composite foams showed good thermal stability. Their initial decomposition temperatures were all above 350 ℃. Because of the slow release of HNTs on the decomposition of the resin matrix and heat transfer, their carbon residue rates were more than 60.8% at 800 ℃, and even reached up to 68.3%. The current research of HNTs modified phenolic composite foams was helpful to improving comprehensive properties of carbon foams, which contribute a lot to the application of carbon foams in the aerospace field.更多还原