【摘要】 油藏是典型的高温、高压、高矿化度且厌氧的多重极端环境，油藏微生物是其中重要的组成部分。研究油藏微生物对阐明油气资源的形成、生物地球化学循环及生命起源与进化等过程有重要意义。通过文献调研，对油藏中微生物的相互作用方式、机理和主要功能进行了阐述，对油藏微生物在提高石油采收率、石油污染生物修复以及碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage, CCUS)等领域中的作用机理和应用进展进行了总结，并提出了未来在利用油藏微生物过程中还需要解决的关键问题。油藏微生物在油气勘探及环境修复应用中具有经济成本较低和环境友好的优势，未来具有良好的应用前景。研究成果可为油藏微生物的研究和应用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil reservoirs are typical extreme environments characterized by high temperature, high pressure, high salinity and anaerobic, and the reservoir micro-organisms are important components. Research on reservoir micro-organisms is of great significance to hydrocarbon resource formation, biogeochemical cycling, and the life origins and evolution. Through literature reviews, the authors in this paper described interaction modes and primary functions of micro-organisms in the reservoir, and summarized mechanisms and advancements in the application of reservoir micro-organisms in enhancing oil recovery, bioremediation of oil pollution, and carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS), and identified key issues that need to be addressed in the utilization of reservoir micro-organisms. The reservoir micro-organisms have advantages of low-cost and environmentally friendly in oil and gas exploration and development and environment restoration, indicating promising application prospect. This study could provide references and insights for further research and application in this field.更多还原