【摘要】 视觉变量作为基本视觉要素，能识别和区分地理要素，有效表达地理信息，并提供美感和视觉吸引力，在地图符号设计和表达中起关键作用。为规范地图符号设计流程，从“表象-抽象-具象”的设计层级理念出发，确定构成地图符号的12类基本图元要素，对视觉变量内容进行分析研究，厘清了适用于地图符号设计的六类变量内容：形状、尺寸、方向、色彩、位置和注记，基于视觉变量的组合构建了地图符号设计的形式化表达方法，通过开发地图符号自动化插件工具验证了该表达方法的可行性。结果表明，该方法的应用保持了地图符号设计的一致性和规范性，可促进地理信息的传达和地图符号设计的发展与创新，为今后不同图种的地图符号设计与更新提供新的思路和方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Visual variables, as fundamental visual elements, play a crucial role in the design and expression of map symbols. They enable the identification and differentiation of geographical features, effectively convey geographical information, and provide aesthetics and visual appeal.To standardize the map symbol design process, we adopted the design hierarchy concept of “representation-abstraction-concretion”, identified12 basic graphic elements that constitute map symbols, analyzed and explored the content of visual variable, and clarified six variable contents applicable to map symbol design, such as shape, size, direction, color, position, and annotation. Based on the combination of visual variables, we established a formalized expression method for map symbol design, and verified the feasibility of this method through the development of an automated map symbol plugin tool. The results indicate that the application of this method maintains consistency and standardization in map symbol design, promotes the communication of geographical information, and facilitates the development and innovation of map symbol design,which can provide new ideas and approaches for the design and update of map symbols in different types of maps in the future.更多还原