【摘要】 本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例小麦对凤达1号产蛋高峰期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、小肠形态结构以及盲肠菌群的影响。试验选取生长良好、体况相似的300日龄凤达1号蛋鸡768只，随机分为4个组，每组6个重复，每个重复32只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，试验组以对照组饲粮营养水平为基础，分别在饲粮中添加20%、40%和60%小麦，并根据小麦用量添加适宜比例的复合型小麦酶，同时相应调整饲粮配方以保证各组饲粮能量和蛋白质水平基本一致。预试期7 d，正试期49 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，添加20%、40%和60%小麦对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡各主要生产性能指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）与对照组相比，添加不同比例小麦显著降低蛋黄颜色（P <0.05），显著提高蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度（P <0.05）。3）与对照组相比，添加40%和60%小麦显著提高血清钙含量（P<0.05），显著降低血清甘油三酯含量（P<0.05）；同时，40%小麦组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）,60%小麦组血清白蛋白含量显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）。4）与对照组相比，添加不同比例小麦对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡小肠各肠段绒毛高度和隐窝深度以及绒隐比均无显著影响（P>0.05）。5）与对照组相比，40%小麦组盲肠菌群α多样性和β多样性均无显著差异（P>0.05）；在门水平上，添加40%小麦显著提高盲肠脱硫杆菌门和WPS-2相对丰度（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮添加不同比例小麦可以提高凤达1号产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度，降低蛋鸡血清脂质含量，改善蛋鸡营养代谢；在本试验条件下，凤达1号产蛋高峰期蛋鸡饲粮中添加40%小麦较为适宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different proportions of wheat supple-m entation on performance,egg quality,serum biochemical indices,small intestine morphology and cecal mi-c roflora of Fengda No.1 laying hens during peak laying period. A total of 768 Fengda No.1 laying hens of300-day-old with good growth and similar body condition were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 32 hens in each replicate. Hens in the control group were fed a corn-soybean meal basal type diet,while those in the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 20%,40% and 60% wheat,re-s pectively,which were based on the dietary nutrient levels in the control group,and supplemented with an ap-p ropriate proportion of compound wheat enzyme according to the wheat dosage. Meanwhile,the diets were ad-j usted accordingly to ensure the basic consistency of dietary energy and protein levels. The pre-experimental period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 49 days. The results showed as follows:1)compared witht he control group,the supplementation of 20%,40% and 60% wheat had no significant effects on the mainp erformance indices of laying hens during peak laying period(P>0.05). 2)Compared with the control group,t he supplementation of different proportions of wheat significantly reduced the yolk color(P<0.05),and sig-n ificantly increased the eggshell strength and eggshell thickness(P<0.05). 3)Compared with the controlg roup,the supplementation of 40% and 60% wheat significantly increased the serum calcium content(P <0.05),and significantly decreased the serum triglyceride content(P<0.05);meanwhile,the serum high den-s ity lipoprotein cholesterol content in 40% wheat group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups(P<0.05),and the serum albumin content in 60% wheat group was significantly higher than that in theo ther three groups(P<0.05). 4)Compared with the control group,the supplementation of different propor-t ions of wheat had no significant effects on villus height,crypt depth and the ratio of villus height to crypt depthi n small intestine of laying hens during peak laying period(P>0.05). 5)Compared with the control group,t here was no significant difference inαdiversity andβdiversity of cecal microflora in 40% wheat group(P>0.05);at the phylum level,the supplementation of 40% wheat significantly increased the relative abundanceso f Desulfobacterota and WPS-2 in cecum(P<0.05). In conclusion,the supplementation of different propor-t ions of wheat can increase the eggshell strength and eggshell thickness,decrease the serum lipid content,andi mprove nutritional metabolism of Fengda No.1 laying hens during peak laying period. Under the conditions of this experiment,it is more appropriate to add 40% wheat in the diet for Fengda No.1 laying hens during peakl aying period.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(4):2356-2369]更多还原