【摘要】 陀螺仪和加速度计等惯性仪表的精度对零组件的尺寸变化有着极其敏感的反应。随着对惯性仪表精度及其稳定性研究的深入，发现材料的尺寸不稳定是导致精度稳定性差的主要原因之一。以多种惯性仪表构件的常用材料为例，从材料学角度系统综述了微观缺陷、第二相、晶粒和织构、内应力以及环境因素对材料尺寸稳定性的影响规律，并提出了如何从材料内禀特性出发改善惯性仪表精度长期稳定性，展望了惯性仪表材料与工艺的未来发展方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 The accuracy of inertial instruments such as gyroscopes and accelerometers is extremely sensitive to the dimensional changes in the components. With the in-depth research on the accuracy and stability of inertial instruments, it is found that the dimensional instability of materials is one of the main reasons for the poor stability of accuracy. Starting from the commonly used materials for inertial instrument components, a systematic review of the influence of microscopic defects, the second phase, grain and texture, internal stress and environmental factors on the dimensional stability is presented from the perspective of materials science, and the way to improve the long-term stability of inertial instrumentation accuracy is proposed from the material endowment characteristics, and the future direction of inertial instrumentation materials and process development is prospected.更多还原