【摘要】 为了掌握元江鲤（Cyprinus carpio yuankiang）3个连续选育世代群体遗传结构变化情况，采用微卫星分子标记分析了群体遗传多样性水平和遗传结构。结果显示：15个微卫星位点在3个群体中共获得116个等位基因，平均7.73个/位点，每世代平均等位基因数从7.266 7减少至5.066 7,观测杂合度从0.768 0降低至0.758 5,多态信息含量从0.763 4降低至0.745 1,遗传多样性水平降低。相邻世代间的遗传距离从0.080 6减小至0.044 9,遗传相似性从0.846 4增加至0.874 7,遗传相似性逐步提高。相邻世代间的遗传分化系数(F_st)从0.068 1降低至0.023 0,世代间的遗传分化已处于低分化水平，人工选育已对元江鲤育种群体的遗传结构产生了显著影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cyprinus carpio yuankiang is a native fishery germplasm resource in Yunnan plateau.It is mainly distributed in Yuanjiang River of Yunnan province.Moreover, it is an excellent germplasm in China.Some farmed new strains of common carp were made by hybridization breeding between C.carpio yuankiang and other carp species in China, such as C.carpio var.jian.One of the populations of C.carpio yuankiang was sampled from Yuanjiang River in 1980s.Moreover, it has served as a pure germplasm resource and has been conserved for five generations by artificial breeding.Our team started to develop a new strain of C.carpio yuankiang using population selection in 2019.There successive breeding generations had been obtained.However, the states of those breeding populations’ genetic structuwere unclear.Hence, 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers（SSR） were used to evaluate their genetic diversity and structure.The results showed that 116 alleles were detected in the 15 SSR loci, with an average of 7.73 per locus.The average of observed alleles per generation decreased from 7.266 7 to 5.066 7.The observed heterozygosity per generation declined from 0.768 0 to 0.758 5.The polymorphic information content per generation reduced from 0.763 4 to 0.745 1.It suggests that the breeding generations experienced a decreasein population genetic diversity.On the other hand, the genetic distance of adjacent generations decreased from 0.080 6 to 0.044 9.Meanwhile, the genetic identity increased from 0.846 4 to 0.874 7.It illustrates that the genetic identity gradually rose among the three breeding generations.Pairwise values of F_st reduced from 0.068 1 to 0.023 0,suggesting an occurrence of weak differentiation among generations.The results indicate that the successive artificial selection on C.carpio yuankiang populations has changed their genetic structure.The study provides scientific and valuable information for genetic breeding and cultivating new varieties of C.carpio yuankiang.更多还原