【摘要】 超导重力仪是目前世界上分辨率最高、稳定性最好的相对重力仪，是研究固体潮及重力长期变化最理想的观测仪器.本文首先阐述了超导重力仪的基本构成和工作原理，其次详细介绍了自主研制的超导重力仪工程样机及其在工程化研究中取得的成果，涵盖了敏感探头单元、“零蒸发”低温单元、环境扰动控制单元和数据采集管理单元.该仪器安装在武汉市引力与固体潮国家重点野外科学观测研究站山洞实验室，通过与绝对重力仪比对测试确定了仪器的格值，并在此基础上进行了3个月以上的固体潮连续观测，观测结果表明仪器在实际使用环境中工作稳定，高质量地记录了重力固体潮和地震信号.继而对超导重力仪的相关性能进行了全面的评估，深入分析了仪器的噪声水平、直接量程、艾伦方差和漂移率等关键性能指标.最后对下一步工作进行了展望，期待在灵敏度提升、环境扰动抑制以及长期稳定性等方面实现新的技术突破，以推动超导重力仪的持续进步与应用拓展.更多还原

【Abstract】 The superconducting gravimeter is currently the relative gravimeter with the highest resolution and the best stability in the world, making it the most ideal observation instrument for studying the solid earth tide and long-term changes in gravity. This paper first explains the basic working principle of the superconducting gravimeter and then provides detailed information about the engineering prototype of the self-developed superconducting gravimeter and its research results. The engineering prototype consists of four main parts: a sensitive sensor unit, a “zero evaporation” cryogenic unit, an environmental disturbance control unit, and a data acquisition management unit. It is installed at the Wuhan Gravitation and Earth Tide National Observation and Research Station. The instrument′s scale value was determined through comparison testing with an absolute gravimeter, and continuous observations were carried out for over three months. The observation results demonstrate that the instrument operates stably in the actual environment, capturing solid earth tide and seismic signals with high quality. Subsequently, a comprehensive evaluation of the superconducting gravimeter′s performance was conducted. Key performance indicators such as noise level, direct range, Allen variance, and drift rate were analyzed in depth. Prospects for future work were outlined, aiming to achieve new technological breakthroughs in sensitivity improvement, environmental disturbance suppression, and long-term stability. These advancements are expected to promote the continuous progress and application expansion of superconducting gravimeters.更多还原