【摘要】 在当前城乡空间高度重构的背景下，作为发展的行动者和终极目标的“人”的幸福感的新构建特征及其城乡异质性，对均衡有效地提升中国城乡发展的幸福红利具有重要意义。论文将资本作为研究工具引入人文地理学的福祉研究，从“经济+文化+社会”三个资本维度设计了多维资本对幸福感建构的分析框架，通过“水平+结构”双视角探讨高流动性背景下幸福感的建构特征及城乡分异。结果表明：(1)中国居民的幸福感体验处于较高且城乡相对均衡的水平，“水平”视角下的城乡居民幸福感建构呈多元化特征，即经济资本的基础性效应，文化资本的转化性和社会资本的强敏感性均对城乡幸福感提升起促进作用；(2)在考虑资本“结构”的整体性和生态位后，多维资本对幸福感建构的影响从单向提升效应演化为不确定性和结构化特征，尤其是局部生态位上的优势或匮乏所产生的强化或缺失等效应使资本维度对幸福感建构表现出更复杂的运行逻辑；(3)居民幸福感对各维资本的响应强度具有显著的城乡差异，其中社会资本是幸福感建构中敏感性最强且城乡分异最显著的资本维度，表明中国当前的新型城镇化进程应重点关注城乡社会资本的再生产机制与效应。研究结果有利于揭示幸福感建构在中国的现代性和本土性特征，可为均衡有效提升中国城乡居民幸福感的政策制定提供研究基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the background of the current high degree of urban-rural spatial reconfiguration, the new constructed characteristics of happiness and its urban-rural heterogeneity of humans, which are the actors and ultimate target of development, are of great significance to the balanced and effective enhancement of the dividends of happiness in China’s urban-rural development. This research introduced capital as a tool into the study of happiness in human geography, and used data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) to design an analytical framework for the construction of happiness by multidimensional capital from the three dimensions of economy, culture, and society. The Probit regression model was used to empirically analyze and explore the constructed characteristics of happiness and its urban-rural differences in the context of high mobility in 2018from the perspectives of level and structure. The results show that: 1) Chinese residents’ happiness was at a high level and relatively balanced between urban and rural areas, and the constructs of urban and rural residents’ happiness are diversified under the "level" perspective, that is, the basic effect of economic capital, the transformative effect of cultural capital, and the strong sensitivity of social capital contributed to the enhancement of happiness in urban and rural areas. 2) Having considered the integrity of capital "structure" and ecological niche, the impact of multidimensional capital on the construction of happiness has evolved from oneway enhancement effect to uncertainty and structuralized characteristics, especially the strengthening or missing effects caused by the dominant or deficient local ecological niche, which makes the capital dimension more complex in the construction of happiness. 3) There were significant urban-rural differences in the response strength of residents’ happiness to various dimensions of capital, among which social capital showed the strongest sensitivity and the most significant urban-rural differences in the construction of happiness, which indicates that China’s current new-type urbanization process should pay attention to the reproduction mechanism and effect of urban-rural social capital. The results of the study are conducive to revealing the modern and local characteristics of the happiness construct in China, and provide a basis for balanced and effective policy formulation to enhance the happiness of Chinese urban and rural residents.更多还原