【摘要】 “双碳”发展目标的提出对电力系统中灵活调节电源的需求更为迫切。抽水蓄能电站作为当前电网中应用规模最大、技术最成熟的灵活调节电源，广泛使用的可逆式机组存在抽水工况功率不可调节的问题，限制了抽蓄电站的运行灵活性。研究证实采用三机式抽蓄机组水力短路运行可实现在抽水运行时的快速功率调节，更灵活的平衡间歇性清洁能源并网对电网的扰动，具备常规抽蓄机组所不具备的显著优势，是增强服务新型电力系统的有效手段。但具备水力短路运行模式的三机式机组在国内外仅有几个电站的应用示范，其研究在各国均处于起步阶段。我国仅有九十年代投产的羊湖电站采用了三机式机组，且由于多种原因一直未真正实现抽水调节运行。为提高新能源为主电网的灵活性，国外近年来加大了对三机式机组的研究和应用。为推动未来我国对三机式抽蓄机组的研究及应用，本文介绍了三机式机组的特点及国内外研究应用现状，对当前推动三机式机组技术应用面临的难题进行了梳理，提出了后续亟待解决的关键技术问题，可为后续开展相关研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pumped storage power station is the largest and most mature flexible regulation power source in power grid. The dual carbon development goal puts forward higher requirements for the operation flexibility of pumped storage power stations. The hydraulic short circuit operation of the ternary pumped storage unit can realize the rapid power regulation during pumping operation, which has significant advantages that the conventional reversible unit does not have, and can balance the disturbance of intermittent clean energy grid to the power grid more flexibly and quickly. It has been proved to be an effective way to improve the operation flexibility of the pumped storage units and enhance the ability of serving the new power system. However, there are only a few demonstration applications of ternary pumped storage unit with hydraulic short-circuit operation mode all over the world, and the relative researches are limit. The Yanghu hydropower station, which was put into operation in 1990s, had adopted the ternary pumped storage unit, but it has not realized pumping regulation operation for many reasons. In order to improve the flexibility of power grid, the research and application of ternary pumped storage unit have been increasing abroad in recent years. In order to promote the research and application of this type of unit, this paper introduces the characteristics of ternary pumped storage unit and its research application status. The problems need to continue to study are proposed to provide reference for subsequent research.更多还原