【摘要】 为明确冬小麦磷肥合理施用深度及比例，本文采用盆栽试验，设置磷肥0～10 cm、10～20 cm和20～30 cm 3个施用深度和11个施用层次比例，研究了冬小麦关键生育期旗叶叶绿素SPAD值、光合速率、蒸腾速率等光合特征、植株干物质积累量、磷素利用及籽粒产量等。结果表明：磷肥施用采用合理的层次比例提高小麦旗叶光合作用，促进体内干物质和磷素积累，增加籽粒产量，提高磷肥利用率。随生育期推进，小麦体内干物质和磷素积累量逐渐增加直到成熟。拔节之前0～20 cm土层磷肥供应充足对植株干物质和磷素积累影响较大，从挑旗开始至成熟期10～30 cm土层磷肥供应充足对小麦籽粒产量形成、磷素积累和利用起重要作用。综合分析小麦光合特征参数、干物质积累、籽粒产量、磷肥效率，以P9(0～30 cm,1∶2∶1)处理较优，P7处理（0～20cm,1∶2）次之，产量均较表层施磷增加20%以上，磷肥利用效率提高8.77%～9.27%，说明合理磷肥用量适当深施具有推动小麦生产潜能的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to determine the reasonable depth and proportion of phosphorus(P) fertilizer application for winter wheat, this study adopted a pot experiment method with 3 soil depths(0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm) and 11 proportions of P fertilizer. Then measurements were performed on plant dry matter accumulation, P utilization,grain yield and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves, including chlorophyll SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. The results showed that P fertilizer increased the photosynthesis of wheat flag leaves,promoted the accumulation of dry matter and phosphorus in the plant, increased grain yield and improved P use efficiency. The accumulation of dry matter and P in wheat increased gradually with the growth period. A significant impact on plant dry matter and P accumulation was found on adequate supply of P fertilizer at the 0-20 cm soil layer before the jointing stage. From the flagging stage to the maturity stage, sufficient P fertilizer supply at 10-30 cm soil layer played an important role in the wheat grain yield formation, P accumulation, and utilization. A comprehensive analysis of wheat photosynthetic characteristic parameters, dry matter accumulation, grain yield, P fertilizer efficiency showed that the treatment of P9(0-30 cm, 1:2:1) was the best, followed by P7 treatment(0-20 cm, 1:2), whose yields increased more than 20% and the P use efficiency increased by 8.77%-9.27%, suggesting that appropriate and deep application of P fertilizer has a potential role in promoting production.更多还原