【摘要】 太阳能光伏发电发展迅速，2022年全球光伏发电累计装机量已突破1 000 GW。随着光伏装机量不断攀升，光伏组件大规模退役潮将来临。针对废旧晶硅光伏组件，分析了光伏组件的回收路径，对比了光伏板层压件解离和组分提取技术。(1)层压件解离：加热处理能耗较高且产生有害气体；有机溶剂浸泡产生大量废液，反应周期较长；绿色溶剂耦合加热可以提高电池片完整回收率，具有节能降耗的特点。(2)组分提取：机械破碎-分选产生大量粉尘和噪声污染，整体回收率偏低；酸碱溶剂蚀刻废液难以处理，易造成二次污染。针对常规废旧晶硅光伏组件回收方法中存在的各种问题，提出了DES低共熔溶剂和焦耳加热等新型废旧晶硅光伏板资源化回收技术及未来发展方向，并与常规晶硅光伏组件回收方法进行对比。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of photovoltaic power generation is rapid, and the cumulative installed capacity of global photovoltaic power generation in 2022 had exceeded 1 000 GW. With the continuous increase in photovoltaic installed capacity, a wave of large-scale retirement of photovoltaic modules will come. For waste crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, the recycling paths of photovoltaic modules are analyzed, and different separation and component extraction techniques for photovoltaic panel are compared.(1) Separation of photovoltaic panel laminations: heating treatment consumes high energy and produces harmful gases; immersion with organic solvents generates a large amount of waste liquid, resulting in a longer reaction cycle; green solvent combined heating can improve the complete recovery rate of battery cells, which has the characteristics of energy conservation and consumption reduction.(2) Component extraction: mechanical crushing and sorting generate a large amount of dust and noise pollution, resulting in a lower recovery rate; wastewater from acid-alkali etching is difficult to treat and can easily cause secondary pollution. In response to the shortcomings of photovoltaic module recycling technologies, new processes such as DES low eutectic solvent and Joule heating have been proposed.更多还原