【摘要】 固体材料因其表面积聚的灰尘、污垢、油脂等污染物而受到污染，进而导致材料的失效和故障等问题。通过涂覆超亲水、超疏水的特殊润湿性自清洁涂层是解决这些问题的有效方法。从固体表面润湿性理论出发，阐述了理论润湿模型、润湿性参数以及润滑行为；介绍了超疏水性、超亲水性自清洁功能的工作原理。同时，介绍了国内外关于超疏水、超亲水自清洁涂层的相关制备方法及其优缺点，以及涂层在光伏发电、防冰防霜、金属防腐领域的多功能应用。最后指出，存在对涂层稳定性、抗脱落性等综合性能的评估不足，缺乏对适用环境因素的考量等问题，并对其研究前景进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solid materials are contaminated by contaminants such as dust, dirt, grease and other contaminants that accumulate on their surfaces, which in turn leads to problems such as material wastage and malfunctioning. An effective method to address these problems is to apply a special wetting self-cleaning coating with superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties. In this paper, the theoretical wetting models, wetting parameters and lubrication behavior were elucidated starting from the theory of solid surface wettability; the working principles of superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic self-cleaning functions were explored. Additionally, the preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic self-cleaning coatings at home and abroad were introduced, as well as their multifunctional applications in the fields of photovoltaic power generation, anti-icing and anti-frost and metal corrosion protection. In conclusion, it was pointed out that there was an insufficient evaluation of the comprehensive performance of the coatings, including aspects such as stability and resistance to peeling. Moreover, consideration of the environmental factors relevant to their application was lacking. The prospects for further research on these coatings were also discussed.更多还原