【摘要】 为提高汽车安全防护结构耐撞性，以枪虾虾螯(大螯)作为仿生原型，通过生物实验提取虾螯微观结构，设计了24种仿生混合负泊松比吸能结构。以质量比吸能(SEA)、结构平均压溃效率(CFE)、初始峰值载荷(IPF)作为评价结构耐撞性的主要指标，借助经过验证的有限元模型对设计结构仿真模拟，经过结果数据分析确定影响结构耐撞性指标的关键参数a(胞元内凹深度),结合实际工况利用加权组合综合评价方法选出最优耐撞性结构。结果显示，当a=6.80 mm时的BCDA型混合结构耐撞性能最优，优化后SEA=3.21 kJ/kg,IPF=8.58 kN,CFE=31.29%。与单一胞元结构相比，优化后混合模型IPF最高降低35.24%,SEA最高提升35.72%,CFE有所下降，最多降低47.20%。更多还原

【Abstract】 To improve the crash-resistance of the protective structure in the automobile structures, 24 energy absorption structures with bionic mixed negative Poisson’s ratio are designed by extracting the microstructure of the crayfish claw through biological experiments. Mass specific energy absorption(SEA), structural average crushing efficiency(CFE), and initial peak load(IPF) are taken as the main indexes to evaluate the crashworthiness of the structure. The validated finite element model is employed to simulate the design structure, and the key parameter a(depth of intracavity) affecting the crashworthiness of the structure is determined through the analysis of the final data. The optimal crashworthiness structure is selected by weighted combination comprehensive evaluation method according to actual working conditions. The results show when a=6.80 mm, the BCDA hybrid structure achieves the best crashworthiness, SEA=3.21 kJ/kg, IPF=8.58 kN, CFE=31.29% after optimization. Compared with the single cell structure, the optimized hybrid model decreases the IPF by 35.24% at most, increases the SEA by 35.72%, and decreases CFE by 47.20% at most. Our study may point a new direction for the design of energy absorption structures with negative Poisson’s ratio.更多还原