【摘要】 为提升舰船抗爆防护性能，探究船用夹层结构在冲击载荷下的毁伤机理，本文设计并开展船用U型折叠式夹层板近距空爆试验，分析夹层板在冲击波载荷作用下的变形及破坏模式，并进行有限元仿真分析。在此基础上，通过在炸药底部预制破片群，研究冲击波与破片联合作用下夹层板的毁伤特性，从面板破口大小、竖向位移和能量吸收三个方面，讨论面板厚度和爆距对夹层板抗爆性能的影响规律。结果表明：在冲击波与破片联合作用下，夹层板上面板的破坏形式为挠曲大变形、边界撕裂、冲塞破口和分散穿孔；下面板以挠曲大变形和凹坑为主；上面板破口形状随上面板厚度增加由“蝶形”向“类圆形”转变，此时上面板和芯层为主要吸能构件；夹层板中心区域的变形对爆距减小较为敏感，而边缘区域变形量无显著变化。夹层板的总吸能、下面板和芯层的吸能量和占比均随上面板厚度减小而增大，下面板和芯层厚度的改变对夹层板整体吸能及各部分占比影响较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the anti-explosion protection performance of ships and explore the damage mechanism of marine sandwich structure under impact load, the close-range air explosion test of U-shaped folded sandwich plate was designed and carried out. The deformation and failure mode of the sandwich plate under shock wave load were analyzed, and the finite element simulation analysis was carried out. On this basis, the damage characteristics of sandwich plates under the combined action of shock wave and fragments were studied by prefabricating fragments at the bottom of explosives. The influence of panel thickness and detonation distance on the anti-explosion performance of sandwich plates was discussed from three aspects:panel break size, vertical displacement and energy absorption. The results show that the failure modes of the upper panel of the sandwich plate under the combined action of shock wave and fragment are large deflection, boundary tearing, plug break and scattered perforation. The bottom panel is dominated by large deflection and pits, and the shape of the upper panel break changes from’ butterfly’ to’ circular’ with the increase of the thickness of the upper panel. At this time, the upper panel and the core layer are the main energy absorbing components. The deformation of the central region of the sandwich plate is more sensitive to the decrease of the detonation distance, while the deformation of the edge region has no significant change. The total energy absorption of the sandwich plate, the energy absorption and proportion of the lower panel and the core layer increase with the decrease of the thickness of the upper panel. The change of the thickness of the lower panel and the core layer has little effect on the overall energy absorption of the sandwich plate and the proportion of each part.更多还原