【摘要】 中性粒细胞作为固有免疫应答中的主要效应细胞，是机体对抗微生物和其他有害物质入侵的第一道防线。除了感染性疾病，中性粒细胞在癌症、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗死、脑梗死以及神经退行性疾病等无菌性炎症反应中也发挥重要作用，参与组织损伤与修复的各个阶段。中性粒细胞异质性研究表明中性粒细胞实际上是一类具有多种表型、功能各异的细胞，并在特定的条件下表现出一定的可塑性。本文从中性粒细胞的生物学特性谈起，探讨了中性粒细胞多样性的潜在机制，通过对不同中性粒细胞亚群的特征及病理生理作用加以综述，为实现中性粒细胞基础研究向临床应用转化提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Neutrophils, as the principal effector cells in innate immune responses, constitute the first line of defense mechaninsm against microorganisms and other related harmful agents. In addition to their roles in infectious diseases, neutrophils are integral to sterile inflammatory responses, including conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and neurodegenerative diseases, where they are involved in multiple stages of tissue injury and repair functions. Previous studies of neutrophil heterogeneity indicate that neutrophils are a diverse group of cells with various phenotypes and functions, exhibiting a certain degree of plasticity under specific conditions. This article summarizes biological characteristics of neutrophils and then delves into the potential mechanisms underlying their diversity. It reviews features and pathophysiological roles of different neutrophil subsets, thereby offering novel insights for the translation of fundamental neutrophil research into clinical applications.更多还原