【摘要】 “礼尚往来”是日常生活中司空见惯的现象，也是互惠实践中不言自明的道理。然而，生活中打破“惯例”的“例外”总是不可避免的。基于辽宁省Y村田野调查发现，虽然日常互惠实践主导形式是均衡互惠，但亲友邻里“随礼”往来中难免会出现有去无回或去多回少的“瞎礼”现象，其形态符合马歇尔·萨林斯提出的“慷慨互惠”和“消极互惠”类型。其中“慷慨互惠”型“瞎礼”存在不求回报、单向流动、向上走礼等情况，“消极互惠”型“瞎礼”主要是由家庭经营策略不同、社会阶层分化、家庭矛盾冲突、生活重心转移等因素导致的。乡村熟人社会“差序格局”决定了“瞎礼”的互惠性质。非均衡互惠所体现的“豁达”与“大度”,是乡村互惠行为持续进行、社会秩序长久和谐的重要文化基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Reciprocity“ is a common phenomenon in daily life,but also the practice of reciprocity is self-evident truth.Based on the findings of a field survey in Y Village,Liaoning province,the dominant form of daily reciprocity practice is equilibrium reciprocity,but friends and neighbors " with the ceremony in the exchanges will inevitably have to go back or go back more than the number of " blind ceremony" phenomenon.Its morphology conforms to two types of conception of " generous reciprocity" and " negative reciprocity " proposed by Marshall Salins.The phenomenon of " blind etiquette " is analyzed,which represents multiple forms such as unrequited and one-way flow,as well as the influence caused by family management strategy,social stratification and differentiation,conflicts and so on. " Difference order pattern" in the society of rural acquaintances determines the reciprocal nature of " blind ceremony",and that the "open-mindedness" and " magnanimity" reflected in the unbalanced reciprocity are embodied by people,it is the important assurance that rural mutual benefit behavior carries on continuously and guarantees the social order with long-term harmony.更多还原