【摘要】 粪大肠菌群普遍存在于人类和温血动物的粪便中，在水环境和水处理过程中与病原体具有相似的稳定性，水质监测中一般选择粪大肠菌群来表征水体微生物安全状况。对2012年-2019年松花江干流开展粪大肠菌群分布特征的研究，结果表明，粪大肠菌群的数量在2.0×10~2～2.4×10~5MPN/L之间，月达标率69.1%,2012年-2018年达标率呈现上升趋势，2019年略有下降。各断面年际变化规律不一致，总体上2018年和2019年粪大肠菌群数量明显下降。不同水期数量变化规律不同，沿程数量变化呈现“M”型，表现出粪大肠菌群指标受城市生活污水影响明显。存在一定的季节因素影响，自然衰减不明显，人为因素是污染主要原因。2018年后微生物安全基本得到保证，水体的卫生学状况明显改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fecal coliform bacteria are ubiquitously found in the fecal matter of humans and warm-blooded animals, demonstrating a stability akin to pathogens in both aquatic environments and during water treatment processes. In water quality monitoring, fecal coliform bacteria are typically chosen as a representative indicator to assess the microbiological safety status of water bodies. A study on the distribution characteristics of fecal coliform bacteria in the main stream of the Songhua River was conducted from 2012 to 2019. The results indicate that the quantity of fecal coliform bacteria ranged between 2.0×10~2 and 2.4×10~5 MPN/L, with a monthly compliance rate of 69.1%. Moreover, the compliance rate showed a clear upward trend from 2012 to 2018, with a slight decline in 2019. The annual variations showed inconsistent patterns among different sections, but overall, there was a significant decrease in the quantity of fecal coliform bacteria in 2018 and 2019. Additionally, there are distinct variations in quantity during different hydrological periods.The longitudinal variation in quantity exhibits a “M” shape, with a noticeable impact of urban domestic sewage. This indicator is subject to seasonal influences, and natural attenuation is not distinctly observed. Anthropogenic factors are identified as the primary contributors to pollution. Post-2018, the microbiological safety of the main stream of the Songhua River has been fundamentally secured, resulting in a significant amelioration of the overall hydrological health conditions.更多还原