【摘要】 为了从自我决定理论视角探究动机的自决性和特异性对少年体力活动的影响，采用整群抽样方式，调查了823名7～9年级的中学生（其中女生423名）。通过感知因果关系量表、运动投入问卷和体力活动量问卷收集数据，并采用B-ESEM方法进行分析。得到以下结果：（1）B-ESEM较CFA拟合更佳，支持了动机自我决定性和特异性并存的理论建构。（2）自我决定性是预测体力活动量和运动投入最重要的因素（β=0.486,P<0.001;β=0.789,P<0.001），能够解释体力活动的大部分变异。此外，不同动机类型在预测效应上表现出各自的独特作用，其中内在调节（β=0.135）和内射调节（β=0.092）对运动投入具有正向预测作用，而外部调节（β=-0.147）则呈现负向预测效应。认同调节则对体力活动具有正向预测作用（β=0.121）。（3）动机的自决性和特异性在预测少年体力活动方面具有跨性别的普遍性。认为B-ESEM能够更有效地评估SDT动机结构，并揭示了自我决定性在预测少年体力活动中的核心作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of self-determination and specificity of motivation from the perspective of Self-Determination Theory(SDT)on adolescents’ physical activity,a cluster sampling method was employed to survey 823 junior high school students(423 females)in grades 7-9. Data were collected using the perceived locus of causality scale,exercise involvement questionnaire,and physical activity questionnaire,and were analyzed by Bi-factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling(B-ESEM)approach. The findings were as follows:(1)The B-ESEM model demonstrated a superior fit compared to Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA),supporting the coexistence of self-determination and specificity within the theoretical construct of motivation.(2)Self-determination emerged as the most significant predictor of both physical activity levels and exercise engagement(β=0.486,P<0.001; β =0.789,P<0.001),explaining a substantial proportion of the variation in physical activity. Furthermore,different types of motivation exhibited unique predictive effects; specifically,intrinsic regulation(β =0.135)and introjected regulation(β=0.092)positively predicted exercise engagement,while extrinsic regulation(β =-0.147)negatively predicted it. Identified regulation also positively predicted physical activity levels(β =0.121).(3)The self-determination and specificity of motivation demonstrated cross-gender applicability in predicting adolescents’ physical activity. This study suggests that B-ESEM can more effectively evaluate the motivational structure of SDT and reveals the central role of self-determination in predicting adolescents’ physical activity.更多还原