【摘要】 维生素B₁是所有生物所必需的微量元素，其作为多个酶的辅因子，参与重要的细胞代谢途径。人体缺乏维生素B₁会增加罹患心血管及神经失调性疾病的风险。与植物和微生物不同，人类和其他动物不能从头合成维生素B₁,必须从饮食中获取。因此，研究植物中维生素的生物合成途径，并在此基础上对植物中的维生素B₁含量进行生物强化具有重要意义。维生素B₁合成途径中有许多酶的参与，如嘧啶合成酶（THIC）、噻唑合成酶（THI1）、硫胺素磷酸合成酶（TH1）、硫胺素单磷酸酶（TH2）和硫胺素焦磷酸激酶（TPK）等。结合相关研究，对维生素B₁在植物中的生物学功能、生物合成途径及合成相关基因的功能进行总结，并介绍了通过代谢工程实现生物强化的研究进展，以期为进一步提高植物中维生素B₁含量提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vitamin B₁ is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms. As a cofactor of many enzymes, it participates in important cellular metabolic pathways. Vitamin B₁ deficiency increases the risk of cardiovascular and neurological disorders in human. Unlike plants and microbes, humans and other animals cannot synthesize vitamin B₁ de novo and must acquire it from their diets. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the vitamin B₁ biosynthesis pathway and to biofortify the vitamin B₁ content in plants. There are many enzymes involved in the vitamin synthesis pathway, such as pyrimidine synthetase（THIC）, thiazole synthetase（THI1）, thiamine phosphate synthetase（TH1）, thiamine monophosphatase（TH2） and thiamine pyrophosphate kinase（TPK）. In this paper, the biological functions of vitamin B₁ in plants, biosynthetic pathways and functions of synthesis-related genes were summarized based on the latest research progress, and the progress of biofortification through metabolic engineering was reviewed. This paper may highlight opportunities for further improving the content of vitamin B₁ in plants.更多还原