【摘要】 福州开元寺铁佛是国内外现存的最大古代铁佛像。应用X射线光电子能谱技术，对该铁佛近表面和近心部区域样品Fe的2p和C的1s谱线进行分峰拟合，确定了铁佛表面存在的α–Fe、Fe₃C、石墨、α-Fe₂O₃和Si C的摩尔含量。鉴定了铁佛表面的腐蚀产物为α-Fe₂O₃，确认了其近表面和近心部区域分属白口组织和麻口组织，其中的Si C来自抛光剂，并计算获得了渗碳体的石墨转化率R，分别为5.45 mol%和21.7 mol%。分析了铁佛的金相组织特点与成因，讨论其显著抗腐蚀的原因，阐述了XPS用于铸铁（特别是铁器文物）研究的优势，企望本文的分析方法可资参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The iron Buddha in Fuzhou Kaiyuan Temple （Kaiyuan iron Buddha） is one of the biggest ancient ones existing at home and abroad.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） technique was used to characterize the near surface and near core regions of the iron Buddha.The fitting analysis of the Fe 2p and C 1s spectra quantitatively identified the existence of α-Fe,Fe₃C,graphite,α-Fe₂O₃ and Si C.The results showed that the corrosion product on the surface of the iron Buddha was α-Fe₂O₃,and the near surface and core regions of the iron Buddha exhibited the structures of white and mottled cast irons,respectively,and the Si C was brought from polishing agent.The respective graphite conversion rate R,of the cementite was obtained by calculation,being 5.45 mol%and 21.7 mol%,respectively.The authors discussed the characteristics and forming mechanism of the metallographic microstructure of the iron Buddha,unraveled the reason of the exceptional corrosion resistance,and summarized the advantages of quantitative analysis of the XPS on cast irons in particular the historical iron relic.The analysis approach in this paper is expected to be a useful reference in the research community.更多还原