【摘要】 传统聚合物膜由于受到渗透通量与选择性的权衡关系的制约，严重阻碍了其在液体分离领域的进一步发展和应用。共价有机框架(covalent organic framework, COF)作为一类新兴的结晶多孔材料，在开发具有快速分子/离子传输和精准筛分领域具有很大的前景。从COF膜结构和表面理化性质出发，讨论了COF的孔径、稳定性、亲疏水性以及表面电荷对COF膜结构与性能的影响，并阐述了这些性质在膜分离过程中的重要作用，同时深入探讨了COF膜结构与功能之间的内在联系；简述了调控COF特性以优化膜性能的方法，主要包括筛选/预先设计单体合成COF膜和对COF膜进行合成后修饰的策略。此外，重点介绍了多种先进COF膜的制备策略：共混、原位生长、真空辅助过滤和界面聚合等，并且综述了COF膜在海水淡化、污水处理、有机溶剂纳滤和渗透能量转换等领域的最新研究进展。最后，从膜材料的制备与商业化需求等方面，指出了当前COF膜所面临的挑战、机遇和未来发展趋势，为新型功能性COF膜的“按需设计”提供了一定启示，并为COF膜在液体分离领域的发展和应用提供参考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the trade-off limit between membrane flux and selectivity, the development and application of traditional polymer membranes in liquid separation are further impeded. Covalent organic frameworks(COF) are a newly emerging class of porous materials, which hold great promise for developing high-performance membranes with rapid molecule/ion transport and high-efficient liquid separations. In this review, the effects of pore size, stability, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and surface charge on the physicochemical properties, pore structures, and separation properties of COF structure-function relationship of COF membranes was discussed. The strategies of regulating the COF properties to optimize membrane performance were briefly described, mainly including selection/pre-design of monomers to synthesize COF membranes and post-modification of COF membranes. In addition, the fabrication strategies of advanced COF membranes were highlighted: blending, in-situ growth, vacuum-assisted filtration and interfacial polymerization. Also, the latest research advances of COF membranes in seawater desalination, sewage treatment, organic solvent nanofiltration and osmotic energy conversion were outlined. Finally, in view of membrane material preparation and commercialization requirements, the current challenges and future development trends of COF membranes were proposed, providing inspiration for the “on-demand design” of new functional COF membranes and useful guideline for the development and practical application of COF membranes for liquid separation.更多还原