【摘要】 选取南京市某高校校园为研究对象，通过实地调研获取人口分布、道路网络、建筑布局、避难空间等基础数据，通过开展问卷调查获取人群避难场所选择偏好、避难路径选择等典型疏散行为参数。在Pathfinder应急疏散平台中建立多智能体疏散仿真模型，对白天和夜晚情况进行疏散模拟，基于疏散模拟结果，从空间环境、应急管理层面提出更新优化策略并完成仿真模拟验证。调查结果表明，校园内人群对避难场所的选择偏好依次为：场地型避难场所、建筑型避难场所、地下空间，避难场所偏好选择与调查对象性别相关；校园建筑全天的人口数量变化因建筑功能不同有较大差异，白天疏散时间显著少于夜晚，白天拥堵位置多出现在北园教学区，夜晚拥堵位置出现在南园宿舍区；宿舍区利用率高于教学区，大面积的避难场所（如操场、篮球场等）利用率反而处于较低水平。对改造后的校园区域进行疏散模拟验证，结果表明疏散完成时间显著减少、拥堵点人口密度下降，证明了改造措施的有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking a university campus in Nanjing as the research object, the basic data of population distribution, road network, building layout, refuge space and so on were obtained through field investigation, and a questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain typical evacuation behavior parameters such as people’s choice of refuge places and refuge paths. A multi-agent evacuation simulation model is established in the Pathfinder emergency evacuation platform to simulate the evacuation in the daytime and at night. Based on the evacuation simulation results, an update optimization strategy was proposed and validated from the spatial environment and emergency management levels. The results of the study show that the preference of the people on campus for the choice of refuge place is: site type shelter > building type shelter > underground space and the preference of shelter is related to the gender of the survey respondents; the change of the 24-hour population in campus buildings varies greatly depending on the building functions; the evacuation time during daytime is significantly less than that at night; the congested locations are mostly found in the North Campus teaching area during the daytime, and the congested locations at night are found in the South Campus dormitory area; the utilization rate of the dormitory area is higher than that of the teaching area, while the utilization rate of large evacuation areas such as playgrounds and basketball courts is at a lower level. The results show that the evacuation completion time is significantly reduced and the population density at the congestion point is reduced, which proves the effectiveness of the reconstruction measures.更多还原