【摘要】 有明一代，黄河决溢泛滥自始至终，治理黄河贯穿其中，不间断的治黄实践丰富着治黄思想。明代前中期分流思想在治黄实践中居于主导地位，一定程度上遏制了黄河水患，保证了漕运畅通。同时，分流思想的弊端也在治黄实践中逐渐显现，于是以束水攻沙的合流思想在明后期居于主导地位。几乎与合流思想同时出现的人工改道思想和沟洫治河思想都未能付诸治河实践，人工改道思想忽略了京杭大运河要借助于黄河才能实现南粮北运的事实，影响到国计民生，最终未被朝廷采纳；沟洫治河思想着眼于黄河全流域治理，在当时治河技术条件下是不可能实现的，但是这种治河思想是明代治河理论上的创新，对后世全流域治理思想的发展和完善有着深远影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Ming dynasty, the Yellow River overflows all the time. The continuous practice of harnessing the Yellow River enriches these harnessing thoughts. The viewpoint of diversion in the early and middle Ming dynasty played a leading role in the practice, curbed the flood of the Yellow River to a certain extent, and ensured the smooth flow of water transport. At the same time, the malpractice of the thought of diverting water gradually appeared, so the thought of bundling water to attack sand occupied a dominant position in the late Ming dynasty. The idea of artificial diversion and the idea of canal river control, which appeared almost at the same time as the idea of confluence, failed to be put into practice. The idea of artificial diversion ignored the fact that the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal could only transport grain from the south to the north with the help of the Yellow River, affecting the national economy and people’s livelihood, and was ultimately not adopted by the imperial court. The thought of canal river management focus on the whole basin management, which could not be realized under the technical conditions at that time. However,these thoughts of river management were innovation in the theories of river management in the Ming dynasty, and had a far-reaching impact on the development and improvement of the whole basin management thought in later generations.更多还原