【摘要】 目的：摸清贵州古茶树资源组成与分布，为区域古茶树资源保护、利用提供基础。方法：采用线路调查的方法，对贵州省内古茶树进行全面调查，利用地理信息系统和统计学分析贵州古茶树资源种类组成、地理分布特征、年龄结构特征及生长状况。结果：（1）资源调查涉及338个分布点，记录了7 816株古茶树，隶属5种2变种；（2）赤水河-綦江水系是疏齿秃房茶现有分布中心、乌江水系是茶现有分布中心、都柳江水系是突肋茶现有分布中心；（3）古茶树垂直分布于海拔200 m到2 500 m之间，随着海拔升高，分布的物种数越多，在1 000～1 500 m海拔段物种数量达到峰值，随后海拔越高物种数越少；（4）古茶树树高一般在10 m以下，地围在20～100 cm的居多，平均冠径集中在3 m以下，绝大部分古茶树生长势正常，也存在因生境影响而处于衰弱或濒危状态。结论：调查显示贵州古茶树资源共7种，含5种2变种，存在疏齿秃房茶、茶、突肋茶等3个物种的现有分布中心。古茶树生长状况良好，少数处于衰弱或濒危状态，亟需加强古茶树保护与管理力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To understand the composition and distribution of ancient tea tree resources in Guizhou Province and provide a basis for the protection and utilization of regional ancient tea tree resources.Methods:A comprehensive survey of the ancient tea trees in Guizhou Province was carried out by means of route survey. The composition, geographical distribution, age structure and growth status of the ancient tea trees in Guizhou Province were analyzed by means of geographic information system and statistics.Results:(1) 7 816 ancient tea trees belonging to five species and two varieties were recorded in 338distribution sites.(2) The Chishui River and Qijiang River system are the existing distribution center of Camellia Gamnogyna var. remotiserrata, the Wujiang River system is the existing distribution center of Camellia sinensis, and the Duliu River system is the existing distribution center of Camellia costata.(3) Ancient tea trees were vertically distributed between 200 m and 2 500 m above sea level. With the increase of altitude, the number of species increased, and the number of species peaked at the altitude of 1 000 to 1 500 m, and then the number of species decreased at the higher altitude.(4) The height of ancient tea trees is generally below 10 m, most of the fields are in the range of 20 to 100 cm, and the average crown width is concentrated in the range of 3 m. Most of the ancient tea trees grow normally, but some of them are weakened or endangered due to the influence of habitat.Conclusion:It was found that there were seven kinds of ancient tea tree resources in Guizhou, including five kinds and two varieties. The existing distribution centers of Camellia gymnogyna var. Remotiserrata, Camellia sinensis, Camellia costata were found. The growth of ancient tea trees is in good condition, and a few are in weak or endangered state. It is urgent to strengthen the protection and management of ancient tea trees.更多还原