【摘要】 目的 了解2019—2021年上海市宝山区诺如病毒聚集性疫情流行特征，为加强诺如病毒聚集性疫情防控提供依据。方法 收集2019—2021年宝山区45起诺如病毒聚集性疫情的现场流行病学调查资料和实验室检测资料，采用描述性流行病学方法分析诺如病毒聚集性疫情的时间分布、人群分布、发生场所分布、临床表现、实验室检测结果、感染来源和传播途径等流行特征。结果 2019—2021年宝山区报告诺如病毒聚集性疫情45起，涉及29 379人，报告病例435例，平均罹患率为1.48%。11月至次年4月为疫情高发季。发病人群以学生为主，408例占93.79%。托幼机构发生25起，占55.56%；中小学校18起，占40.00%；社会托育点和老年病房各发生1起。临床症状以呕吐为主，416例占95.63%。采集样本597件，诺如病毒阳性率为37.35%。由诺如病毒GⅡ型病原体引起40起，占88.89%。疫情持续时间M (QR)为6 (1) d;82.22%(37起)的疫情发生1 d内报告给疾病预防控制中心。88.89%(40起)的疫情传播途径为人传人或暴露于病例呕吐物。结论 2019—2021年宝山区诺如病毒聚集性疫情冬春季高发，学生为主要发病人群，托幼机构和中小学校为主要发生场所，GⅡ为主要病原体型别，人传人和暴露于病例呕吐物为主要传播途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 45 norovirus clusters in Baoshan District,Shanghai Municipality from 2019 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for improving the management of norovirus clusters. Methods The epidemiological characteristics and laboratory testing of 45 norovirus clusters were collected in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021, and the temporal distribution, population distribution, distribution of places of norovirus clusters, clinical manifestations, laboratory testing results, origin of norovirus infection and transmission routes of norovirus clusters were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 45 norovirus clusters involving 29 379 individuals were reported in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021, and 435 cases with norovirus infections were identified, with an average attack rate of 1.48%. Norovirus infection most often occurred from November to April of the following year, and the infection predominantly occurred among students(408 cases, 93.79%). There were25 norovirus clusters in kindergartens(55.56%), 18 clusters in primary and middle schools(40.00%), one cluster in a social care facility and one cluster in a geriatric ward. Vomiting was the predominant clinical symptom(416 cases,95.63%). The positive rate of norovirus was 37.35% in 597 samples. There were 40 norovirus clusters caused by the norovirus GⅡ genotype(88.89%), and the median duration of the norovirus cluster was 6 days(interquartile range,1 day). In addition, 82.22% of the norovirus clusters reported to centers for disease control and prevention within 1day,and 88.89% of the clusters were transmitted through human to human transmission or vomitus of cases. Conclusions The norovirus clusters predominantly occur in winter/spring and among students in Baoshan District from 2019to 2021. Kindergartens and primary and middle schools are main places of norovirus infections, and the norovirus GⅡgenotype is the main type of pathogens. Human-to-human transmission and exposure to patients’ vomitus are the main routes of transmission.更多还原