【摘要】 目的 探讨孕期膳食模式与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）发病的关系，为指导孕妇合理膳食、预防GDM提供依据。方法选择2021年12月—2022年7月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院产检的孕妇为调查对象，于孕24～28周通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）诊断GDM；采用“中国孕产妇营养与健康科学调查”项目的调查问卷收集基本情况、行OGTT前1个月内的食物摄入频率和每次摄入量；采用因子分析法确定膳食模式；采用多因素logistic回归模型分析膳食模式与GDM患病的关联。结果 纳入449名孕妇，年龄M (QR)为31.00 (5.00)岁，孕周M (QR)为35.00 (3.00)周。发现7种膳食模式，根据因子载荷较高的食物种类分别命名为薯类-杂粮、禽畜肉类-甜点、奶蛋-水产品、菌类蔬菜-动物内脏、水果-豆类、咸菜-面食、饮料-坚果模式。诊断为GDM 89例，患病率为19.82%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，以薯类-杂粮模式为参考，禽畜肉-甜点模式（OR=0.242,95%CI:0.086～0.678）和水果-豆类模式（OR=0.093,95%CI:0.025～0.342）与GDM患病存在统计学关联。结论 相比于薯类-杂粮模式，禽畜肉-甜点模式、水果-豆类模式可能降低GDM的发生风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the association between dietary patterns during pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM), so as to provide the guidance of diet balance and GDM prevention for pregnant women. Methods Pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to July 2022 were selected as the subjects. The oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was employed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The questionnaire of "The Survey on Nutrition and Health of Pregnant Women in China" was used to collect general information, food intake frequency and amount during a month before OGTT. Dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis, and the association between dietary patterns and the development of GDM was identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Totally 449 pregnant women were included, with a median(interquartile range) age of 31.00(5.00) years and a median(interquartile range) gestational age of 35.00(3.00) weeks. There were 7 dietary patterns named potato-cereal pattern, poultry-meatdessert pattern, milk-egg-aquatic product pattern, mushroom-vegetable-offal pattern, fruit-bean pattern, pickle-wheaten food pattern, and beverage-nut pattern according to the food types with high factor loads. There were 89 cases diagnosed as GDM, with a prevalence rate of 19.82%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the development of GDM was associated with the poultry-meat-dessert pattern(OR=0.242, 95%CI: 0.086-0.678) and the fruit-bean pattern(OR=0.093, 95%CI: 0.025-0.342), compared with the potato-cereal pattern. Conclusion Compared to the potato-cereal pattern, the poultry-meat-dessert pattern and the fruit-bean pattern may reduce the risk of GDM.更多还原