【摘要】 相比于静脉注射等其他给药方式，口服给药简单易行、医疗成本低且安全性高，可减轻患者痛苦，增强人文关怀。然而由于胃肠道环境恶劣，许多口服药物无法以有效治疗浓度到达靶部位，发挥治疗作用，开发口服制剂面临许多挑战。外泌体是一种由细胞分泌的囊泡，通过运输蛋白质、核酸、miRNA等生物活性物质作用于受体细胞，进行细胞间通讯。最近研究者发现，从蔬菜、水果、乳制品中也可提取出类似于哺乳动物细胞分泌的外泌体结构的物质，将其命名为食物来源外泌体(food-derived exosomes, FDEs),这类外泌体凭借低免疫原性、高生物相容性、无毒环保等优势引起了广泛关注。本文总结了从食物中提取的外泌体作为口服制剂在医学中的应用，希望为基于FDEs的口服制剂开发及应用提供理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Compared with other administration methods such as intravenous injection, oral administration is simple and feasible with low medical cost and high safety, and can relieve the pain of patients and enhance humanistic care. However, due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, many oral drugs cannot reach their target sites with effective concentrations to exert therapeutic effects. Therefore, there are many challenges in developing oral drugs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, which transport proteins, nucleic acids, miRNA and other bioactive substances to receptor cells for intercellular communication. Recently, a number of researchers have reported that vesicles with structures similar to those secreted by mammalian cells can be extracted from vegetables, fruits and dairy products, and named them as food-derived exosomes(FDEs). FDEs have attracted wide attention due to their low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, non-toxic and environmental properties. This review summarizes the medical application of FDEs as oral preparations, hoping to provide theoretical reference for the development and application of oral preparations based on FDEs.更多还原