【摘要】 当今世界，“文明的冲突”根本上是文明观的冲突。百年未有之大变局、新冠疫情和重大自然灾害、高新技术的发展和人口老龄化，宣示人类世界从诸文化实体的关系、人类与宇宙自然的关系以及人类与自身的关系全景式地进入“非常时代”,遭遇“非常风险”,期待“非常伦理”。“非常伦理”有“非常伦理智慧”“非常伦理形态”“非常伦理觉悟”三个层次。人类社会发展史和个体生命发育史表明，伦理是人类文明的原色和理想，但在现代性文明中已然迷失。面对“非常时代”关乎“种族的绵亘”的“非常”挑战，亟待推进“非常伦理觉悟”,进行文明观的伦理革命，其要义是使人类和人类文明学会“为伦理思考所支配”,实现伦理文明观的回归与重建。伦理文明观是文明内部诸要素关系的价值生态的文明观，也是人与自然关系、国家与国家关系以及诸文化实体关系的“人类命运共同体”的文明观。伦理文明观的“非常伦理觉悟”,具有“最后觉悟”的文明史意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 What is known as “the conflicts among civilizations”nowadays are basically conflicts among views of civilization. The dramatic changes to the constellation of the world,the COVID-19 pandemic,severe natural disasters,high-technologies and even aging come together and forecast that the world is panoramically entering into an “extraordinary era”,encountering “extraordinary risks”,and expecting “extraordinary ethics”. The entering is “panoramic ” with respect to the following: the relationship among cultural substances,the relationship between humans and nature, and the relationship between humans amongst themselves.Extraordinary ethics is structured by three mutually related elements: extraordinary ethical wisdom,extraordinary ethical morphology,and extraordinary ethical awakening. Extraordinary ethical wisdom is the moral norm or phronesis( practical wisdom) that deals with ethical relationships in extraordinary situations;extraordinary ethical morphology is theoretical morphology distinct from ordinary ethics and conventional ethics; and extraordinary ethical awakening is the significant ethical awakening people draw from the extraordinary era or extraordinary encountering. From ancient mythologies,Socrate’s death,Laozi’s reclusion to“the ideal of a common society”,“well-being”and Plato ’s Republic,both Chinese and Western classics manifest the ethical background of civilization and the genetic code of an ethical view of civilization,all of which get lost in the tidings of modernity. The extraordinary era signifies that human civilization enters again into the crucial moment of what Russell describes as “the survival of the human race”and faces the challenge of the extraordinary. Thus,“extraordinary ethical awakening ” and an ethical revolution of the view of civilization is called for,the gist of which is“learning to be dominated by ethical thinking”. On this basis,an ethical view of civilization can be expected to return and be open to reconstruction. The gist of an ethical view of civilization is not only“learning to think ethically”but also learning to be “dominated”by ethical thinking.The extent to which humans are dominated by ethical thinking is the extent to which humans are awakened ethically and manage to get out of the crisis of “the survival of the human race ”. The ethical view of civilization demands that we go beyond three kinds of egocentrism: the anthropocentrism in the relationship between humans and nature,the egoism in the relationship among various cultural substances,and the focus on materiality in the relationships among various cultural factors. The ethical view of civilization is the view of civilization pertaining to the relationship among various factors within the culture as an ecology of value. It grants a home for the ethical spirit and affirms the dialectically interacting statuses of various factors:economic,social,and cultural in an ecological system of civilization. It is the view of civilization that dissolves hegemony,and it does this in virtue of its ethical spirit as an ecology of value. The ethical view of civilization is also the view of civilization as “a community with a shared future of mankind ”,which incorporates the relationship between humans and nature,the relationships among states,and the relationship among various cultural substances． “A community with a shared future of mankind”is the modern Chinese expression of the ethical view of civilization. This ethical view of civilization is “the final awakening”of extraordinary ethics,and as “the awakening of extraordinary ethics”it embodies the significance of “the final awakening of final awakenings”in the history of civilization.更多还原