【摘要】 目的 观察高病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎孕妇口服核苷(酸)类抗病毒药母婴阻断的效果和安全性。方法 从广西医科大学第一附属医院感染性疾病科慢性HBV感染随访队列中，选取HBV DNA≥1×10~6拷贝/mL的慢性乙型肝炎孕妇411例，根据孕期有无口服抗病毒药分为阻断组256例、对照组155例，所有婴儿出生后均按标准接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白。分别比较阻断组服药基线、临产前、产后3个月的HBV DNA、ALT、AST水平，比较阻断组和对照组临产前HBV DNA水平和分娩婴儿7月至1岁龄的HBsAg阳性率。结果 阻断组孕妇临产前DNA、ALT、AST水平低于服药基线分别为(3.16±1.05) lg拷贝/mL比(7.09±0.77)lg拷贝/mL、(21.90±12.00) U/L比(66.08±89.35) U/L、(29.16±9.16) U/L比(52.12±54.97) U/L,差异均有统计学意义(t=61.287、7.409、5.764,均P<0.01)。阻断组孕妇临产前HBV DNA和婴儿HBsAg阳性率低于对照组(3.16±1.05) lg拷贝/mL比(6.96±0.78) lg拷贝/mL、0.00%比9.68%,差异均有统计学意义(t=38.860,χ~2=25.713,均P<0.01)。阻断组和对照组均无围生期不良事件的报告。产后停服抗病毒药的产妇HBV DNA、ALT、AST水平高于产后继续服抗病毒药者分别为(6.70±1.39) lg拷贝/mL比(2.24±0.54) lg拷贝/mL、(54.19±50.00) U/L比(34.62±20.04) U/L、(42.50±28.04) U/L比(33.40±11.66) U/L,差异均有统计学意义(t=33.787、3.985、3.284,均P<0.01)。结论 高病毒载量的慢性乙型肝炎孕妇孕期口服核苷(酸)类抗病毒药联合婴儿接种乙肝疫苗和HBIG的“三重阻断”措施、产后患者继续抗病毒治疗，能成功阻断HBV母婴传播，保障孕期、产后母婴安全。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect and safety of nucleos（t）ide analogues（NAs） in hepatitis B virus（HBV） mother-to-infant obstruction of pregnant women with high viral load, and to provide real-world clinical data for interrupting mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Methods A total of 411 pregnant women with HBV DNA≥1×10⁶ copies/mL were retrospectively selected from the follow-up cohort of chronic HBV infection in our hospital, and they were divided into preventing group（256 cases） and control group（155 cases） according to the oral administration of NAs during pregnancy. All infants were vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin as standard after birth. The levels of HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase（ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase（AST） in the preventing group were compared at baseline. before delivery and 3 months after delivery. The levels of HBV DNA before delivery and hepatitis B surface antigen（HBsAg） positive rate in infants from 7 months to 1 year were compared between 2 groups. Results The levels of DNA, ALT and AST before delivery were lower than baseline in the preventing group [（3.16 ± 1.05） log₁₀ copies/mL vs.（7.09 ± 0.77） log₁₀ copies/mL, P<0.01;（21.90 ± 12.00） U/L vs.（66.08 ± 89.35） U/L, P<0.01;（29.16 ± 9.16） U/L vs.（52.12 ± 54.97） U/L, P<0.01]. The level of HBV DNA before delivery and the positive rate of HBsAg of infants in the preventing group were lower than those in the control group [（3.16 ± 1.05） log₁₀ copies/mL vs.（6.96 ± 0.78） log₁₀ copies/mL, P<0.01; 0.00% vs 9.68%, P<0.01]. No perinatal adverse events were reported in both groups. The levels of HBV DNA, ALT and AST in parturients who stopped taking NAs after delivery were higher than those who continued taking NAs [（6.70 ± 1.39） log₁₀ copies/mL vs.（2.24 ± 0.54） log₁₀ copies/mL, P<0.01;（54.19 ± 50.00） U/L vs.（34.62 ± 20.04） U/L,P<0.01;（42.50 ± 28.04） U/L vs.（33.40 ± 11.66） U/L, P<0.01]. Conclusion The combination of oral NAs, hepatitis B vaccination and HBIG during pregnancy for pregnant women with high viral load and continued antiviral treatment for postpartum patients can successfully interrupt mother-to-child transmission of HBV and ensure the safety of mother and child during pregnancy and postpartum.更多还原