【摘要】 口服蛋白质或肽类药物因其良好的顺应性、方便性和经济性在临床上被广泛应用。然而口服给药面临强胃酸降解，粘液清除和上皮阻碍等限制，导致其生物利用度极低。在过去的二十年中，纳米医学的快速发展给临床科学带来了新的机遇。纳米颗粒(NPs)因其独特的耐受性、药理学特异性和生物降解性而被广泛的关注和研究。蛋白质或肽类NPs的开发进入了人们的视野。蛋白质或肽类NPs具有明显的优势可有效的克服消化道屏障实现高效精准的靶向递送和治疗。本综述首先介绍了肽或蛋白质类大分子药物口服给药面临的挑战，系统分析了肽或蛋白质类NPs的开发及应用现状，同时展望了NPs的前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oral protein or peptide drugs are widely used in clinical practice because of their good compliance, convenience and economy. However, oral administration suffers from limitations such as strong gastric acid degradation, mucus clearance, and epithelial obstruction, resulting in extremely low bioavailability. Rapid advances in nanomedicine over the past two decades have brought new opportunities to clinical science. Nanoparticles(NPs) have received extensive attention and research due to their unique tolerance, pharmacological specificity, and biodegradability. The development of protein or peptide NPs has entered people’s field of vision. Protein or peptide NPs have obvious advantages and can effectively overcome the barriers of the digestive tract to achieve efficient and precise targeted delivery and therapy. This review first introduces the challenges faced by the oral administration of peptide or protein macromolecular drugs, systematically analyzes the development and application status of peptide or protein NPs, and looks forward to the prospect of NPs.更多还原