【摘要】 为了解青藏高原地区牦牛群中产气荚膜梭菌的流行特点及耐药情况，有针对性地防控牦牛产气荚膜梭菌病。本研究采用细菌分离纯化、PCR鉴定、药敏试验等方法，对2018—2021年采集来自青海和西藏两省8个地市的1 155份牦牛粪便样品进行产气荚膜梭菌分离鉴定并毒素分型、耐药表型的确定和耐药基因检测。结果显示：共分离到432株产气荚膜梭菌，分离率为37.40%(432/1 155);包含有A、C、D和F型4种毒素型产气荚膜梭菌，其中A型占比85.65%(370/432)、C型占比8.10%(35/432)、D型占比4.86%(21/432)、F型占比1.39%(6/432)。药敏试验结果显示：分离菌株对红霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素、多黏菌素B和磺胺甲恶唑6种药物具有较高的耐药性，耐药率为69.44%～93.75%。有98.61%的分离菌为多重耐药菌株，可对3～16种抗生素耐药，耐大环内酯类-氨基糖苷类-多肽类-磺胺类为最多的耐药模式。另外，分离菌株携带14种耐药基因，检出率为42.42%(14/33),耐药基因erm(B)检出率最高，为74.01%;除氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药表型和耐药基因型吻合率稍低(为14.81%),大环内酯类、氯霉素类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、四环素类、多肽类、喹诺酮类抗生素耐药表型和耐药基因型的吻合率为80%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of this study is to understand the epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of Clostridium perfringens in yak herds on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and to prevent and control Clostridium perfringens disease in yaks.This study adopted bacterial isolation and purification, PCR identification, and drug sensitivity test to isolate and identify the Clostridium perfringens from 1 155 yak fecal samples collected from eight cities in Qinghai and Tibet Provinces from 2018 to 2021,then the toxin typing, drug resistance phenotype determination and drug resistance gene detection were conducted.A total of 432 Clostridium perfringens strains were obtained, with an isolation rate of 37.40%(432/1 155).Four toxigenic Clostridium perfringens types A,C,D and F were included, with 85.65%(370/432) of type A,8.10%(35/432) of type C,4.86%(21/432) of type D and 1.39%(6/432) of type F.The results of drug sensitivity tests showed that the isolates had high resistance to six drugs, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B and sulfamethoxazole,with resistance rates of 69.44% to 93.75%.98.61% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant strains,which could be resistant to 3to 16antibiotics.Macrolide resistant-aminoglycoside-peptide-sulfonamide was the most resistant pattern.In addition,the isolated strains carried 14drug resistance genes with a detection rate of 42.42%(14/33).Among them,the highest detection rate was found for the resistance gene erm(B),with the detection rate of 74.01%.The match rate between resistance phenotype and resistance genotype of aminoglycoside antibiotics was slightly lower(14.81%).In contrast,the match rate between resistance phenotypes and resistance genotypes of macrolides,chloramphenicol,sulfonamides,β-lactams,tetracyclines,peptides,and quinolones antibiotics was more than 80%.更多还原