【摘要】 饮用水安全与公众健康息息相关，而供水管道材料的选择会影响饮用水化学性质、微生物生长，甚至是致病菌定殖。近年来，包含了原核病原体(如：嗜肺军团菌、非结核分枝杆菌)和真核病原体(如：棘阿米巴)在内的一类新型饮用水条件致病微生物引发了公众健康安全担忧，通过管材优选控制条件致病菌及其他微生物生长，具有研究价值和应用潜力。文章综述了建筑供水管网金属管材和塑料管材在不同环境条件下(如消毒剂、停滞时间、温度)对水化学性质的影响，分析了不同管材影响下微生物载量和群落结构组成的差异，剖析了管材对条件致病菌定殖的直接影响，以及在环境因子交互作用下的间接效用，提出了深化认识供水系统中真核微生物群落结构多样性及新兴管材的微生物安全风险的研究需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drinking water safety is closely intertwined with public health. The choice of building plumbing pipe materials can influence the chemistry of drinking water, microbial growth, and the potential colonization of opportunistic pathogens. In recent years, a new category of opportunistic pathogens, including prokaryotic pathogens(e.g., Legionella pneumophila, nontuberculous mycobacteria) and eukaryotic pathogens(e.g., Acanthamoeba), has raised public health concerns. Exploration of the pipe material effects on opportunistic pathogens and other microorganisms has the potential to limit the pathogen colonization and microbial growth. This review examines the impact of metal pipe materials and plastic pipe materials on water chemical properties under various environmental conditions(e.g., disinfectant, stagnation time, and temperature), and analyzes the differences of microbial load and the composition of microflora structure resulting from different pipe material influences. The direct effects of pipe materials on the colonization of opportunistic pathogens, as well as the indirect effects due to their interaction with various environmental factors, are thoroughly discussed. Research gaps such as exploration of pipe materials on the eukaryotic communities in water supply systems, and assessment of microbial risks associated with emerging pipes are also identified in the review.更多还原