【摘要】 本研究旨在通过水声学方法评估博斯腾湖鱼类的季节和空间分布特征,掌握鱼类群落结构和时空分布规律。于2019年4—10月使用分裂波束回声鱼探仪(Simrad EY60, 120 kHz)进行全湖走航式断面探测,定量分析了鱼类密度、大小组成(以目标强度衡量)、水平和垂直分布的时空变化。研究结果显示,博斯腾湖春季、夏季和秋季鱼类密度分别为(709±141) ind/hm2、(8783±2611) ind/hm2和(743±499) ind/hm2,平均目标强度分别为–52.95 dB、–59.91 dB和–57.73dB。水平方向上,春季和秋季鱼类主要分布于沿岸带和敞水区,夏季鱼类更多地分布在沿岸带和水草生长区域。垂直方向上, 3个季节鱼类密度在水深3 m以下均随水深逐渐减小。目标强度在春季和秋季均呈现随水深逐渐增加趋势;夏季在水深3～12m之间随水深逐渐增大,但在大于12m水深区域有所减小。推测博斯腾湖鱼类群落的时空动态与繁殖、生长和捕捞等因素有关。本研究为保护和合理利用博斯腾湖鱼类资源提供了重要的基础资料,同时也为认识该湖生态系统提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To assess fish distribution characteristics in Lake Bosten at different seasons and spatial scales as well as the status of fish resources, we conducted lake-wide cruise surveys using a split-beam echosounder(Simrad EY60, 120 kHz) from April to October in 2019. We quantified the spatial and temporal variations in fish density,size composition, and horizontal and vertical distribution. The results showed that fish densities in Lake Bosten in spring, summer, and autumn were 709±141, 8783±2611, and 743±499 ind/hm2, respectively, with mean target strengths(TS) of-52.95,-59.91, and-57.73 dB, respectively. In the horizontal dimension, fish distributed in both the littoral zone and open water area in spring and autumn, and more frequently in the littoral zone and macrophytic area in summer. In the vertical dimension, fish densities decreased with water depth below 3 m in spring, summer, and autumn. The target intensity showed a trend toward increasing with water depth in both the spring and autumn. In summer, the target intensity gradually increased with water depth between 3 and 12 m,while it decreased at water depth greater than 12 m. It is assumed that the spatial and temporal distribution of fish in Lake Bosten is related to factors such as reproduction, growth, and fishing. This study can provide basic data for fish conservation and the rational utilization of fishery resources in Bosten Lake, as well as a scientific basis for lake ecosystem management.更多还原