【摘要】 【目的】保护性耕作技术作为提升耕地质量的重要手段，事关农业可持续发展。【方法】本文基于黄土高原陕甘宁地区1268份玉米种植户调查问卷，运用随机前沿（SFA）模型测算农业生产效率后，使用内生转换回归（ESRM）检验农户保护性耕作技术采用对农业生产效率的影响，并利用逆概率加权回归调整（IPWRA）估计农户保护性耕作技术采用对增收减贫的影响效应。【结果】(1)保护性耕作技术采用能够显著提高农业生产效率，在考虑反事实情况的基础上，采用保护性耕作技术的农户生产效率比未采用农户高2.9%。(2)保护性耕作技术采用对农户增收减贫有着稳健的正向促进作用，采用保护性耕作技术的人均家庭纯收入比未采用农户显著增加8.9%，进一步使用PSM不同匹配方法验证了该结果的有效性。(3)相比单一技术采用，农户联合采用保护性耕作技术的生产效率提升更高；相比甘肃和宁夏，陕西地区的农户采用保护性耕作技术的增收减贫效果更为显著。【结论】耕地是粮食生产的关键，政府应积极推广、激励农户采用保护性耕作技术，为耕地保护的保数量、提质量、增效率、减贫困等目标实现奠定坚实基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Conservation tillage technology, as a comprehensive technology beneficial to ecology, environment, and soil health of farmland, is an important tool to improve the quality of arable land and is related to sustainable agricultural development. [Methods] Based on 1268questionnaires from maize farmers in the Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia regions of the Loess Plateau,after measuring agricultural production efficiency using a stochastic frontier(SFA) model, we used the endogenous transformation regression model(ESRM) to test the effect of farming households’ conservation tillage technology adoption on agricultural production efficiency and the inverse probability weighted regression adjustment(IPWRA) model to estimate the effect of farming households’ conservation tillage technology adoption on income generation and poverty reduction.[Results] The results indicate that:(1) The adoption of conservation tillage technology can significantly improve the agricultural production efficiency of farm households, and on the basis of considering the counterfactual situation, the production efficiency of the farmers who adopted conservation tillage technology increased by 2.9% compared with those of the non-adopted farmer households.(2) Conservation tillage technology adoption had a robust positive contribution to the poverty reduction effect of farm household income increase, with a significant increase of 8.9% in per capita net household income for conservation tillage technology adopters compared to nonadopters, and the validity and reliability of the results were further verified using different matching methods of the propensity matching score(PSM).(3) Compared with the adoption of a single conservation tillage technology, the increase in productivity of farmers’ multiple combinations of conservation tillage technology adoption is more significant; compared with Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, farmers in Shaanxi Province have a more significant effect on increasing income and reducing poverty by adopting conservation tillage technology.[Conclusion] Arable land is the key to food production, and the government actively promotes conservation tillage technology and motivates farmers to adopt it, which not only helps to improve crop yields, save labor, increase agricultural productivity, improve economic benefits, and reduce poverty incidence, but also preserves water and fertilizer, improves soil structure, and protects the environment, which is an important guiding reference for the further promotion of conservation tillage technology.更多还原