【摘要】 光伏发电是实现能源系统深度减碳的重要方式,但会受到多种自然和技术因素的影响,其减碳效益仍有待于准确评估。以总体自然条件适宜发展光伏发电,但区域内空间分异又较突出的新疆作为研究区,借助生命周期评价、发电量和减碳效益模型核算了两种衰减率（DR）下的1 kW多晶硅光伏发电全生命周期碳排放、发电量及其减碳效益,为本地发展光伏产业提供科学依据及为其他地区开展相关研究提供借鉴。结果表明:（1）与火力发电相比,新疆光伏每度电可减少863 g CO₂-eq（DR=1%）和738 g CO₂-eq（DR=3%）,减排比例分别高达93%和79%,对能源系统脱碳具有重要意义。（2）新疆内部减碳效益空间分布不均衡且差异大,总趋势由东向西递减;根据聚类分析新疆发展光伏应重点布局在一、二级区,如哈密、吐鲁番和巴音郭楞蒙古自治州等。（3）未来新疆发展光伏应从全生命周期减碳出发,完善光伏生产端中下游产业链以实现本地生产,在建造使用过程充分考虑太阳辐射和衰减率等因子并合理布局,同时加快生命末期处置回收技术的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Photovoltaic power, affected by a variety of natural and technical factors, is an important way to achieve deep carbon reduction in energy system. But its real carbon emission reduction still needs to be accurately reevaluated. Xinjiang, where the overall natural conditions are suitable for the development of photovoltaic power generation, but the vast spatial differentiation in local geographical features is also prominent, could be no doubt chosen as a study area to conduct this research. By ways of the life cycle assessment, LCA, the power generation model and carbon emission reduction model, this paper has calculated the carbon emission, power generation and carbon emission reduction in the whole life cycle of the 1 kW multi-crystalline silicon photovoltaic power under two degradation rates（DR） in Xinjiang, so as to provide a sound scientific basis for the further development of local photovoltaic industry in the region as well as research references to other regions alike. The research results show that:（1） Compared with thermal power, the carbon emission reduction of photovoltaic power in Xinjiang reaches 863 g CO₂-eq（DR=1%） or 738 g CO₂-eq（DR=3%）per kilowatt-hour, accounting for 93% or 79% carbon emission of thermal power separately,which is of great significance to the decarbonization of energy system in the region.（2） The spatial differentiation of carbon emission reduction in Xinjiang is prominent, showing a spatial trend of decreasing from east to west. Clustering analysis shows that photovoltaic layout in the study area should focus on the first-and second-level areas in potential grades, such as Hami,Turpan and Bayangol.（3） The future development of photovoltaic power in Xinjiang should concentrate on the perspective of the whole lifecycle carbon reduction, improve the middle to downstream industrial chain of photovoltaic production to meet the goal of realization of full local production, and fully consider the influencing factors in the construction and operation processes, such as solar radiation, degradation rate, and reasonable layout, as well as accelerate the development of end-of-life treatment and recovery technology.更多还原