【摘要】 随着全球气候的急剧变化，人们期望改变传统的农业生产模式，建立可持续性发展的低碳绿色农业生产体系。中国的粮食作物种植收益低，年轻人不愿意从事农业生产，耕地撂荒问题愈发严重。传统农作物大都是一年生作物，生产中需要使用大量的化肥、农药，由此带来了严重的环境生态问题；此外，经过长期人为选择的一年生作物，普遍对环境变化的适应能力较弱，越来越难以适应复杂的气候变化。而多年生粮食作物的生命周期较长，可以连续多年生长，比一年生作物的自然资源利用率更高、劳动力投入更少、环境适应力更强。而且多年生作物一般根系发达，除了可以减少水土流失，还能减少碳元素从土壤向大气中的转移，有利于截留更多的碳、发展低碳绿色农业。因此，发展多年生作物是目前实现农业可持续发展的重要途经之一。目前，多年生作物的培育还存在着一定的困难，不过新技术的出现和发展大大加速了多年生作物驯化过程，在改良多年生作物农艺性状的同时，保持与多年生有关的生长特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid changes of global climate, people expect to change traditional agricultural production models and establish a sustainable low-carbon and green agricultural production system. The income from grain crop cultivation in China is not enough. Young people are unwilling to engage in agricultural production,and the phenomenon of abandoned farmland is becoming increasingly serious. Most of the traditional crops are annual crops, and large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are required in crop production, which has brought serious environmental and ecological problems. In addition, annual crops that have been artificially domestication for a long time generally have weak adaptability to environmental changes which leads to increasingly difficult to adapt to complex climate changes. Perennial crops have a longer life cycle and can grow continuously for many years. Compared with annual crops, perennial crops have higher natural resource utilization efficiency, less labor input, and stronger environmental adaptability. Moreover, the welldeveloped root systems of perennial crops can not only reduce soil erosion but also reduce the carbon elements transfer from the soil to the atmosphere, which is beneficial for retaining more carbon in soil and developing low-carbon green agriculture. Therefore, developing perennial crops is currently one of the important ways to achieve sustainable agricultural development, but there are still some challenges in the breeding of perennial crops. However, the emergence and development of new technologies have greatly accelerated the domestication process of perennial crops, and improve their agronomic traits while maintain their growth characteristics related to perenniality.更多还原