【摘要】 为开展盱眙县中低产农田土壤酸化退化治理工作，改良土壤，提高酸化土壤肥料利用率，选择盱眙县古桑镇陈郢村农户张进文家承包田进行不同氮肥利用率及耕地质量提升试验。前茬作物是小麦，本次试验作物为玉米。试验设（1）对照不施肥；（2）复合肥(15-15-15) 525 kg/hm~2+尿素225 kg/hm~2;(3）复合肥675 kg/hm~2+尿素225 kg/hm~2;(4）复合肥525 kg/hm~2+5%商品有机肥（地力丰）3000 kg/hm~2;(5）复合肥675 kg/hm~2+5%商品有机肥3000 kg/hm~2，共计5个处理，3次重复，15个小区，随机排列，四周开沟分割小区。结果表明：不同形态和用量氮肥利用率在43%～56%，利用率较高；化学肥料氮素利用率比有机肥处理高，能够快速促进玉米生长和玉米生物量，随着氮肥施用量的增加，土壤氮素依存率下降，同样施肥量，有机肥土壤氮素依存率高于化肥；氮肥施用量越高，氮素农学效率越高，能够促进玉米生长和生物量，尤其提高玉米秸秆产量，有机无机复混肥氮素农学效率最高，但是并不能提高玉米籽粒产量。从氮素表观平衡看，复合肥施用量大大超过玉米吸入的量，有机肥相对较小。从氮素表观利用率看，随着施肥量增加而增加，但是复合肥的利用率低于有机无机复混肥，化学氮肥配合施用有机肥，可以提高氮素利用率，配合施用有机肥的氮肥利用率比单一施用化学氮肥，利用率提高24.90%，同时增加土壤有机质，因此，在中低产退化土壤的实际施肥过程中，要提高氮素利用率，建议有机无机配合施用较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 To control and manage soil acidification and deterioration in the middle-low yield farmland in Xuyi the experiments of nitrogen use efficiency of different N fertilizer and improvement of arable land quality were conducted in farmer Zhang Jinwen’s field in Chenying Village,Gusang Town,Xuyi County.The former grown crop was winter wheat while the tested crop in this experiment was summer maize.The experiment was designed as follows:(1) Control (without fertilization);(2)525 kg/hm~2of compound fertilizer (15-15-15)+225 kg/hm~2of urea;(3) 675 kg/hm~2of compound fertilizer (15-15-15)+225 kg/hm~2of urea;(4) 525 kg/hm~2o compound fertilizer (15-15-15)+3000 kg/hm~2of organic fertilizer;(5) 675 kg/hm~2of compound fertilizer (15-15-15)+3000 kg/hm~2of organic fertilizer,totally 5 treatments with 3 replicates.The random block plots were arrayed and ditches were dug around the plots.The results showed that the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for different forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizer was high,about 43%-56%.The NUE of chemical fertilizer was higher than that of organic fertilizer.The chemical fertilizer stimulated the growth of maize plant and increased the biomass of maize.The N dependent rate in soil was decreased with the increasing of N fertilizer use.The N dependent rate in soil for organic fertilizer was higher than that of chemical fertilizer at the same amounts of N fertilizer.The more amounts of N fertilizer,the higher the apparent N agronomic efficiency,which could promote maize growth and biomass,especially increase maize straw yield.The highest apparent N agronomic efficiency was for organic-inorganic compound fertilizer,but it could not increase maize grain yield.From view of apparent N balance,the amount of compound fertilizer was much bigger than nitrogen taken up by maize while relative smaller for organic fertilizer.From the view of apparent N use efficiency,it was increased with the increasing of N amount.However,the NUE of compound fertilizer was far lower than that of organicinorganic compound fertilizer.The elevated NUE and soil organic matter were obtained by chemical N fertilizer blending with organic fertilizer.It was concluded and suggested that the use of organic-inorganic fertilizer was better to improve the NUE during the fertilization in middle-low yield degraded arable land.更多还原