【摘要】 自主搭建以高速摄像机为主的可视化试验平台，观察液滴撞击红层泥岩粗颗粒表面后的扩散过程。基于能量守恒原理，建立红层泥岩粗颗粒表面最大扩散因子βmax的预测模型，并通过液滴浸润试验验证模型的正确性。通过预测模型对浸润过程的能量分布进行分析。研究结果表明：液滴润湿行为可分为振荡模式和缓冲模式2种，且具有铺展速度快、毛细效应强的特征；红层泥岩粗颗粒表面的浸润特性取决于动能、基质势和黏性耗散的相对关系；随着初始速度增加，动能增加，而毛细效应相对减弱，更多的液滴趋于表面扩散；随着液滴直径增加，液滴初始动能、表面自由能及基质势等动力能量变化甚微；随着接触角增加，尤其是接触角大于60°时，毛细效应会显著减弱从而阻止水分渗透。本模型有助于提高对红层泥岩粗颗粒表面润湿现象的认识，可为寻找合理方案限制水分渗透提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 A visualized test platform based on high-speed cameras was independently built to observe the diffusion process of droplets impacting on the surface of coarse red-bed mudstone particles. Based on the principle of energy conservation, the prediction model of the maximum diffusion factor βmax on the surface of coarse red-bed mudstone was established, and the correctness of the model was verified by the droplet wetting test. Through the prediction model, the energy distribution of the infiltration process was analyzed. The results show that the wetting behavior of droplets can be divided into two modes, i. e. oscillation mode and buffer mode, which have the characteristics of fast spreading speed and strong capillary effect. The infiltration characteristics of the coarse mudstone surface depend on the relative relationship of kinetic energy, matrix potential and viscosity dissipation.With the increase of the initial velocity, the kinetic energy increases while the capillary effect decreases, and more droplets tend to diffuse on the surface. With the increase of diameter, droplet kinetic energy, surface free energy and matrix potential are almost unchanged. With the increase of the contact angle, especially when the contact angle is more than 60°, the capillary effect is significantly weakened and prevents water penetration. This model can improve the understanding of the surface wetting phenomenon of coarse mudstone in red bed and can provide a basis for finding a reasonable scheme to limit water infiltration.更多还原