【摘要】 目的 了解青海省2020年心血管病死亡特征及1975—2020年的变化趋势，为制定心血管病防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 利用青海省4次死因回顾性调查资料（1975年、2006年、2015年及2020年）计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率，潜在减寿年数（PYLL）及潜在减寿率（PYLLR）等。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行标化率的χ2检验和趋势分析，计算年度变化百分比（APC）。结果 2020年青海省心血管病死亡率为259.48/10万、标化死亡率为365.84/10万，男性标化死亡率（406.98/10万）高于女性（327.42/10万），城市、农村和牧区标化死亡率分别为356.02/10万、401.86/10万和338.95/10万。2020年青海省心血管病PYLLR为17.08‰，其中男女性分别为21.43‰、12.48‰，城市、农村和牧区分别为14.37‰、19.21‰和16.25%。1975—2020年心脏病标化死亡率变化趋势无统计学意义（P>0.05），但其中缺血性心脏病的死亡率及标化死亡率均呈明显上升趋势（APC分别为5.44%和4.19%），风湿性心脏病死亡率及标化死亡率呈明显下降趋势（APC分别为-4.21%和-4.97%）；脑血管病死亡率呈明显上升趋势（APC=3.36%）。心脏病及脑血管病死亡率均随着年龄的增加而增加，50岁之后死亡率快速增长。结论 心血管病是危害青海省居民健康的重要公共卫生问题，标化死亡率及PYLLR均较高。政府和相关部门应关注心血管病防控工作，且应突出重点、分类指导，提高心血管病防控效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the characteristics and trend of cardiovascular disease death in Qinghai Province from 1975 to 2020,and provide the scientific evidence for making the strategies and measures of prevention and control. Methods Based on the four retrospective investigation data of death causes in Qinghai Province(1975,2006,2015 and 2020),the crude mortality rate(CMR),standardized mortality rate(SMR),age-specific mortality,potential years of life loss(PYLL) and potential years of life loss rate(PYLLR) were calculated. SPSS 22.0 software was used to perform the χ~2 test of the standardized rate and the trend analysis,the annual percentage change(APC) was calculated. Results The CMR and SMR of cardiovascular disease in Qinghai Province in 2020 were 259.48/105and 365.84/105,respectively. The SMR(406.98/105) of males was higher than that(327.42/105)of females,and those of urban,rural and pastoral areas were 356.02/105,401.86/105and 338.95/105,respectively. In 2020,the PYLLR of cardiovascular disease was 17.08‰,those of males and females were 21.43‰ and 12.48‰,respectively;those of urban,rural and pastoral areas were 14.37‰,19.21‰ and 16.25‰,respectively. From 1975 to 2020,the SMR change trend of heart disease was not significant(P>0.05);but among them,the CMR and SMR of ischemic heart disease increased significantly(APC values were 5.44% and 4.19%),while the CMR and SMR of rheumatic heart disease decreased significantly(APC values were-4.21% and-4.97%);the CMR of cerebrovascular disease showed a significant upward trend(APC=3.36%). The mortality rates of heart disease and cerebrovascular disease increased with the age,and the CMR in≥50 years old group increased rapidly.Conclusion The cardiovascular disease has become an important public health problem endangering the health of residents in Qinghai Province,SMR and PYLLR are higher. The government and relevant departments should pay attention to the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease,and should highlight the key points,implement classification guidance,and improve the prevention and control effects of cardiovascular disease.更多还原