【摘要】 为了解花生种质资源遗传多样性，提高花生种质资源利用效率，以收集的115份花生种质资源为材料，通过变异系数、Simpson多样性指数、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析对19个农艺和品质性状进行了鉴定评价。结果表明：19个性状变异系数的变化范围为4.21%～43.42%,主茎高、总分枝数、单株荚果数和单株生产力4个性状变异丰富，播种至开花天数、种子宽度、出仁率、蛋白质含量和粗脂肪含量5个性状较稳定；19个性状多样性指数变化范围为1.78～2.09,其中亚油酸含量多样性指数最小，种子宽度多样性指数最大；相关性分析发现单株生产力与单株荚果数、百果重、百仁重、荚果宽度和种子宽度呈极显著正相关；主成分分析将19个性状归为5个主成分，累积贡献率为77.142%,可综合概括19个表型性状的大部分信息。聚类分析将115份花生种质资源分为3个类群，第Ⅰ类群为大果资源，综合性状表现优良，可作为优质亲本加以利用。筛选出68份高粗脂肪含量、27份高蛋白质含量和6份高蔗糖含量的特异种质，可作为花生品质育种的优质亲本利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources and improve the utilization efficiency of peanut germplasm resources, 115 peanut germplasm resources were used as materials. Nineteen agronomic and quality traits were evaluated by coefficient of variation, Simpson diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation coefficients of 19 descriptive traits ranged from 4.21% to 43.42%, in which height of main stem, total branching number, number of branches with pods, pod number per plant and pod yield per plant were rich in variation. The days from sowing to flowering, seed width, shelling percentage, protein content and oil content were relatively stable. Meanwhile, Simpson’s diversity index of the above traits ranged from 1.78 to 2.09. Among them, the linoleic acid content was the smallest, and the seed width was the largest. Correlation analysis showed that the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with pod number per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, pod width and seed width. The 19 agronomic and quality traits were classified into 5 principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 77.142%, which could comprehensively summarize the information of the 19 traits. Cluster analysis divided the 115 peanut germplasm resources into 3 groups. The Group Ⅰ was large-fruit peanut resources with excellent comprehensive character performance, which could be used as high-quality parents in breeding. Sixty-eight accessions with high oil content, 27 accessions with high protein content and 6 accessions with high sucrose content were selected, which could be used as high-quality parents for peanut quality breeding.更多还原