【摘要】 目的 了解贵州省2017—2021年9～18岁儿童青少年营养不良的变化趋势，为制定有效的儿童青少年体质健康综合性干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法抽取贵州省132 323名9～18岁儿童青少年作为研究对象，测量身高、体重，并按照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》标准筛查营养不良，分析营养不良检出率变化趋势。结果 2017—2021年贵州省儿童青少年营养不良检出率总体呈下降趋势(χ²_趋势值=111.230,P_趋势=0.000)，下降速度为-11.29%;其中男生（-16.03%）高于女生（-4.28%），城区（-23.47%）高于郊县（1.82%）,12岁～年龄组（-21.94%）高于16～18岁年龄组（-15.89%）和9岁～年龄组（20.74%）。生长迟缓检出率表现为下降趋势(χ²_趋势=53.486,,P_趋势=0.000)，下降速度为-9.17;其中，女生下降速度（-14.30%）高于男生（-1.38%），郊县下降速度（-15.99%）高于城区（-9.59%）,12岁～年龄组（-29.47%）高于9岁～年龄组（-3.04%）、16～18岁年龄组（25.96%）。轻度消瘦总体表现为下降趋势(χ²_趋势=34.015,P_趋势=0.000)，下降速度为-12.44%;其中男生（-21.57%）下降速度高于女生（10.81%），城区下降速度（-20.43%）高于郊县（-3.33%）,16～18岁年龄组（-22.35%）高于12岁～年龄组（-19.13%）和9岁～年龄组（14.65%）。中重度消瘦总体表现为下降趋势(χ²_趋势=29.452,P_趋势=0.000)，下降速度为-9.76%，其中男生（-10.68%）下降速度高于女生（-9.85%）;城区下降速度（-35.55%）高于郊县（40.15%）,16～18岁年龄组（-40.69%）高于12岁～年龄组（-23.56%）和9岁～年龄组（52.75%）。结论 2017—2021年贵州省9～18岁儿童青少年营养不良总体呈下降趋势，但农村地区和小学高年级学生仍存在上升情况，需要重点关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the trend changes in malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 9-18 years in Guizhou from 2017 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective comprehensive interventions targeting the physical health of children and adolescents.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 132 323 children and adolescents aged 9-18 years from Guizhou.Height and weight were measured,and related data were used to screen malnutrition using the Screening Standard for Malnutrition of School-age Children and Adolescents (WS/T 456-2014).The trend changes of malnutrition prevalence were analyzed.Results The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the participants from 2017 to 2021 demonstrated a trend of decline(χ~2=111.230,P=0.000),with an overall declining speed of11.29%.Higher declining speed of malnutrition prevalence was found in boys (16.03%) than in girls (4.28%),in urban areas (23.47%) than in suburban counties (-1.82%),and in 12-year-olds (21.94%) than in 16-18-year-olds(15.89%) or 9-year-olds (-20.74%).The overall prevalence of stunted growth in the participants during the period demonstrated a trend of decline(χ~2=53.486,P=0.000),with an overall declining speed of 9.17.Higher declining speed of stunted growth prevalence was found in girls (14.30%) than in boys (1.38%),in suburban counties (15.99%) than in urban areas (9.59%),and in 12-year-olds (29.47%) than in 9-year-olds (3.04%) or 16-18-year-olds (-25.96%).The overall prevalence of mild thinness in the participants during the period demonstrated a trend of decline(χ~2=34.015,P=0.000),with an overall declining speed of 12.44%.Higher declining speed of mild thinness prevalence was identified in boys (21.57%) than in girls (-10.81%),in urban areas (20.43%) than in suburban counties (3.33%),and in 16-18-year-olds (22.35%) than in 12-year-olds (19.13%) or 9-year-olds (-14.65%).The overall prevalence of mildto-severe thinness in the participants during the period demonstrated a trend of decline(χ~2=29.452,P=0.000),with an overall declining speed of 9.76%.Higher declining speed of mild-to-severe thinness prevalence was identified in boys(10.68%) than in girls (9.85%),in urban areas (35.55%) than in suburban counties (-40.15%),and in 16-18-year-olds (40.69%) than in 12-year-olds (23.56%) or 9-year-olds (-52.75%).Conclusion From 2017 to 2021,the malnutrition prevalence among 9-18-year-old children and adolescents in Guizhou showed a decreasing trend generally,but it still increased in rural areas and senior primary school students,which should be paid more attention to.更多还原