【摘要】 目的 分析贵州省学生营养改善计划试点地区中小学生的贫血患病率及其影响因素，评价中小学生营养改善计划实施效果，为制定学生营养相关政策提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样法，根据重点监测县德江、普定和册亨在2012年、2016年及2020年测定的血红蛋白值，计算贫血率。结果 2012年、2016年、2020年血红蛋白值差异具有统计学意义(F=132.01,P<0.01);贫血率逐渐降低(13.8%、10.8%、10.3%),2012年和2020年差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=3.97,P<0.05);不同性别之间，男生贫血率降低，差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.62,P<0.05),女生贫血率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=5.21,P>0.05);不同学段，小学生贫血率的变化差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=20.81,P<0.01),初中生贫血率的变化差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.87,P>0.05)。不同监测点，除德江外，其余2个县贫血率的改变差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=146.61,34.20,均P<0.01)。结论 贵州省“营养改善计划”试点地区中小学生的贫血发病率得到了一定改善，但政府和学校仍应加强对学生和家长的营养宣教。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among elementary and middle school students in pilot areas of Guizhou for implementing the Nutritional Improvement Program(NIP), and assess the effect of the NIP, providing a scientific basis for the development of policies for students’ nutritional improvement.Methods Multistage stratified random cluster sampling was used to select elementary and middle school students in Dejiang, Puding and Ceheng, three key nutrition monitoring counties. The anemia prevalence in the participants in each of three years(2012, 2016 and 2020) was calculated using the measured hemoglobin value. Results The mean hemoglobin value of the participants differed significantly across 2012, 2016 and 2020(F=132.01, P< 0.01). The anemia prevalence decreased gradually(13.8%, 10.8%, 10.3%) in the three years, and it in 2012 was significantly different from that in 2020(χ~2=3.97, P<0.05). Further analysis found that the anemia prevalence decreased notably in the three years in male students(χ~2=17.62,P<0.05), but did not in female students(χ~2=5.21, P>0.05). The anemia prevalence varied notably in the three years in elementary school students(χ~2=20.81, P<0.01), but did not in junior middle school students(χ~2=2.87, P>0.05). The anemia prevalence changed significantly in the students in Puding and Ceheng in the three years(χ~2=146.61, 34.20, all P<0.01), but did not in those in Dejiang.Conclusion The anemia prevalence has been reduced in elementary and middle school students in pilot areas of Guizhou by implementing the NIP. Despite this, the government and schools are recommended to take actions to further strengthen nutrition education for students and their parents.更多还原