【摘要】 千米竖井硬岩全断面掘进机装备与技术是实施我国向地球深部进军重大科技战略的关键，是智能化、无人化建井的基础，同时也是建井技术发展方向.为保障竖井全断面掘进机的研制，针对国内外竖井全断面掘进机均不能适用于千米级硬岩竖井的显著特点，回顾了竖井掘进机的发展历程，进一步制定了“技术需求分析—关键技术攻关—整机装备研制—工程应用”的技术攻关路线，围绕岩性原位探识、岩石高效破碎、岩渣垂直排运、岩体稳定支护、装备精准控制等方面，分析了制约千米竖井硬岩全断面掘进机装备与技术发展的2个关键科学问题、6项关键技术难题及其研究思路，并据此提出了以破岩理论研究、高效掘进与协同支护技术研究、主体装备研制、工程应用为核心的4项研究任务.在此基础上，研制了竖井全断面掘进机——“蜀畅号”,并在沿江公路通风竖井工程中进行了试用，单班(8 h)最高进尺2.4 m.最后，提出了竖井全断面掘进机发展的战略路线和技术目标，以期推动我国机械化建井迈向安全、高效、绿色、智能的新阶段.更多还原

【Abstract】 The equipment and technology of full-face boring machines for kilometer-level shafts with hard rock is the key to implementing the major scientific and technological strategy of advancing deep into the earth. It is the foundation of intelligent and unmanned shaft construction, and also the development direction of shaft construction technology. In order to ensure the development of full-face boring machines for shafts, this study reviewed the significant characteristics of full-face boring machines for shafts that are not suitable for kilometer-level shafts with hard rock. The development process of boring machines for shafts was further reviewed, including "technical requirement analysis, key technology research, overall equipment development, and engineering application". The technical research route revolved around in-situ lithology exploration, efficient rock fragmentation, vertical discharge of rock debris, and rock stability support as well as precise control of equipment. Two key scientific issues, six key technical challenges, and research ideas that constrain the development of equipment and technology for full-face boring machines for kilometer-level shafts with hard rock were analyzed. Based on this, four research tasks, with rock breaking theory research, efficient excavation and collaborative support technology research, main equipment development, and engineering application as the core, were proposed. On this basis, the "Shuchang" full-face boring machine for shafts was developed and tested in the ventilation shaft project along the river, with a maximum single shift(8 h) footage of 2.4 m. Finally, the strategic route and technical goals for the development of full-face boring machines for shafts were proposed, with the aim of promoting mechanized shaft construction towards a new stage of safety, efficiency, greenness, and intelligence.更多还原