【摘要】 目的 了解山东省泰安市城乡老年人失能现状及其影响因素，为改善城乡老年人失能状况提供科学依据，以期促进健康老龄化建设。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，于2020年7—8月对泰安市6个县（市/区）3 896名≥60岁老年人进行调查，分析城乡老年人日常生活自理能力（ADL）现状及其影响因素。结果 泰安市老年人失能率为4.8%，其中农村老年人失能率（5.5%）高于城镇老年人（3.5%）（χ2=8.040,P <0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄≥80岁（OR=7.058）、自评健康状况差（OR=3.237）、睡眠质量差（OR=6.288）是城镇老年人失能的危险因素，参加城镇职工基本医疗保险（OR=0.146）或城乡居民基本医疗保险（OR=0.180）是城镇老年人失能的保护因素。年龄70～79岁（OR=2.116）或≥80岁（OR=7.270）、自评健康状况一般（OR=2.256）或差（OR=4.368）、患有慢性病（OR=3.290）、过去一年曾跌倒（OR=2.151）是农村老年人失能的危险因素，参加体育锻炼（OR=0.568）是农村老年人失能的保护因素。结论 泰安市农村老年人失能率高于城镇老年人，年龄、自评健康状况是该地区城镇和农村老年人失能的共同影响因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To examine current situation and influencing factors of disability among urban and rural elderly residents in Tai’an municipality, and to provide evidence for promoting healthy aging in the population. Methods Faceto-face interviews were conducted among 3 896 elderly residents( ≥ 60 years) recruited with multistage random cluster sampling in 6 prefectures/counties/districts of Tai′an municipality, Shandong province during July – August 2020. The Physical Self-Maintenance Scale(PSMS) for activities of daily living(ADL) assessment, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) for sleep status evaluation, and a self-designed general questionnaire were adopted in the survey for analyzing ADL and its associates of the elderly. Results Of the 3 864 elderly averagely aged 68.89 ± 5.98 years, 4.8% were assessed as having disabilities(with a PSMS score of higher than 6), with a significantly higher disability ratio among the rural elderly than that among the urban elderly(5.5% vs. 3.5%, χ2 = 8.040; P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following significant influencing factors of disability:(1) risk factors for urban elderly:aged ≥ 80 years(odds ratio [OR] = 7.058), poor self-rated health(OR = 3.237), and poor sleep quality(OR = 6.288);(2) protective factors for urban elderly: participating in the basic medical insurance for urban employees(OR = 0.146) or the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents(OR = 0.180);(3) risk factors for rural elderly: aged 70 – 79years(OR = 2.116) or ≥ 80 years(OR = 7.270), fair self-rated health(OR = 2.256) or poor self-rated health(OR =4.368), suffering from chronic diseases(OR = 3.290), falling history in the previous year(OR = 2.151); and(4) protective factors for rural elderly: participating in physical exercise(OR = 0.568). Conclusion The prevalence of disability was higher among rural elderly residents than that among urban elderly residents and the prevalence was influenced by age and self-rated health for both rural and urban elderly in Tai′an municipality.更多还原