【摘要】 目前国内外苹果育种基本以“大群体”杂交为主，杂交后代群体普遍较大，育种成本显著增加。为了降低育种成本，减少苹果杂交育种工作量，通过对课题组近年来育种实践进行总结归纳，以期对“少组合、大群体”杂交背景下的育种程序进行优化，从而提高育种效率，加快育种进程。以富士×嘎拉、富士×秦冠、富士×粉红女士和富士×金冠4个组合的杂交F1代群体共计3 485株为试验材料，以感官评价为主，对杂交组合后代复选群体果实成熟期性状进行鉴评，根据育种目标，筛选出符合育种目标性状的单株优系，最后结合初选淘汰率计算出每个组合获得优系的概率。结果表明，富士×嘎拉、富士×秦冠、富士×粉红女士和富士×金冠4个杂交组合分别筛选出了优系单株4、2、4、4株。4个杂交组合复选群体中优系单株的比率分别为0.40%、0.23%、0.58%、0.43%。综合初选阶段的淘汰率，最终各组合筛选出杂交优系的比率分别为0.08%、0.05%、0.13%、0.08%。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, apple breeding at home and abroad is mainly based on “large population” hybridization, hybrid populations are generally larger, breeding costs increased significantly. In order to reduce the cost of breeding and the workload of apple hybrid breeding, this study summarized the breeding practice of the research group in recent years, in order to optimize the breeding procedure under the background of “less combination and large population” hybridization, so as to improve the breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding process. In this experiment, a total of 3 485 F1population of4 combinations of ‘Fuji’ × ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’ × ‘Qinguan’, ‘Fuji’ × ‘Cripps Pink’ and ‘Fuji’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ were used as experimental materials. Based on sensory evaluation, the fruit ripening traits of the re-selected population of hybrid combinations were evaluated. According to the breeding objectives, the superior lines of single plants that met the breeding objectives were screened out, and finally the probability of obtaining superior lines of each combination was calculated by combining the primary elimination rate. The results showed that four hybrid combinations of ‘Fuji’ × ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’ בQinguan’, ‘Fuji’ × ‘Cripps Pink’ and ‘Fuji’ × ‘Golden Delicious’ were screened out, and 4, 2, 4, 4 plants were selected. The ratios of superior individual plants in the reselected populations of four hybrid combinations were 0.40%, 0.23%, 0.58% and0.43% respectively. Based on the elimination rate of the primary selection stage, the ratios of hybrid lines selected by each combination was 0.08%, 0.05%, 0.13% and 0.08%, respectively.更多还原