【摘要】 研究了软核山楂与硬核山楂内果皮发育过程中的组织形态结构及其差异，为育种工作中亲本的选择以及杂交后代品质的鉴别提供形态学依据。试验材料为软核品种新宾软籽和硬核品种山东大绵球。采用Van Soest洗涤纤维分析法，比较山楂内果皮木质素与纤维素含量；采用间苯三酚浸染法和石蜡切片法，比较内果皮木质化程度和显微结构。结果表明：硬核山楂内果皮纤维素含量（249.7±9.4）g/kg和木质素含量（252.6±5.0）g/kg均显著高于软核山楂内果皮纤维素含量（175.5±5.1）g/kg和木质素含量（134.2±1.8）g/kg，约为软核山楂的1.42倍和1.88倍；在花后16～46 d，软核山楂靠近种仁处内果皮3～4层细胞逐渐木质化，直至全部木质化，而硬核山楂内果皮近45层细胞逐渐木质化，直至全部木质化；硬核山楂内果皮厚度、细胞层数与细胞直径均显著大于软核山楂，在花后46 d时，硬核山楂内果皮厚度[（1 662.75±63.83）μm]、细胞层数（45层）约为软核山楂内果皮厚度[（454.41±18.33）μm]的3.66倍、细胞层数（26层）的1.73倍，硬核山楂内果皮靠近中果皮处细胞长轴直径[（76.40±4.23）μm]、短轴直径[（42.07±2.27）μm]约为软核山楂内果皮细胞长轴直径[（29.27±2.58）μm]的2.61倍、短轴直径[（18.48±2.84）μm]的2.28倍。更多还原

【Abstract】 This experiment investigated the histomorphological structure and its differences during the development of the endocarp of soft-endocarp hawthorn and hard-endocarp hawthorn, to provide morphological evidence for the selection of parents in breeding work and for the identification of the quality of the hybrid progeny. The test materials were soft-endocarp hawthorn ‘Xinbinruanzi’ and hard-endocarp hawthorn ‘Shandongdamianqiu’. Van Soest wash fiber analysis was used to compare lignin and cellulose contents of hawthorn endoarp; phloroglucinol immersion staining and paraffin sectioning were used to compare the degree of lignification and microstructure of the endocarp. The results showed that the cellulose(249.7±9.4) g/kg and lignin(252.6±5.0) g/kg contents of the endocarp of hard-endocarp hawthorn were significantly higher than those of soft-endocarp hawthorn cellulose(175.5±5.1) g/kg and lignin(134.2±1.8) g/kg, which were about 1.42 and 1.88times higher than those of soft hawthorn; in the range of 16th～46th day after flowering, the 3～4 layers of cells in the endocarp near the seed kernel of soft-endocarp hawthorn gradually lignified until they were all lignified, while the nearly 45 layers of cells in the endocarp of hard-endocarp hawthorn gradually lignified until they were all lignified; the thickness, cell layers and cell diameter of the endocarp of hard-endocarp hawthorn were significantly greater than those of soft-endocarp hawthorn,and at 46 days after flowering, the hard-endocarp hawthorn endocarp(1 662.75±63.83) μm is approximately 3.66 times thicker than the soft-endocarp hawthorn endocarp(454.41±18.33) μm, the number of cell layers in the endocarp of hard-endocarp hawthorn(45 layers) is approximately 1.73 times greater than that of soft-endocarp hawthorn endocarp(26layers), the long axis diameter(76.40±4.23) μm and short axis diameter(42.07±2.27) μm of the cells in the endocarp of hard-endocarp hawthorn near the mesocarp are approximately 2.61 times the long axis diameter(29.27±2.58) μm and 2.28times the short axis diameter(18.48±2.84) μm of the endocarp of soft-endocarp hawthorn.更多还原