【摘要】 以短枝富士苹果为供试材料，研究了牛粪+蚯蚓、化学改良、中量果枝还田和高量果枝还田4种土壤改良措施对树体生长、果实品质和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：4种土壤改良措施均显著促进了富士树体生长，特别是新梢长度和粗度，其中牛粪+蚯蚓处理的效果最好，分别比对照提高了63.6%和11.7%;4种土壤改良措施也改善了叶片光合特性，胞间CO2浓度和净光合速率以牛粪+蚯蚓处理最高，气孔导度和蒸腾速率则以高量果枝还田处理最高。4种土壤改良措施均显著提高了果实品质，与对照相比，单果重和果实可溶性固形物含量分别增加了22.5%～61.5%、18.0%～20.7%，其中均以牛粪+蚯蚓处理增幅最大；各处理果实固酸比与对照相比明显增加。4种土壤改良措施均显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量，以牛粪+蚯蚓处理最高，高量果枝还田处理次之。综上，土壤改良可以显著促进苹果生长，提高果实品质，增加土壤肥力，以牛粪结合蚯蚓改良土壤效果最好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Short-branch ’Fuji’ was used as the test material to study the effects of four soil improvement measures,including cow dung combined with earthworms, chemical measures, medium amount of fruit branches returned to the field and high amount of fruit branches returned to the field, on tree growth, leaf photosynthesis, soil fertility and fruit quality. The results showed that different soil improvement measures significantly promoted the growth of ’Fuji’ apple trees, especially the length and thickness of new shoots. Among them, the effect of cow dung combined with earthworms was the best, which was63.6% and 11.7% higher than the control respectively. Different soil improvement measures also affected the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves. The intercellular CO2concentration and net photosynthetic rate were the highest in cow dung combined with earthworms treatment, while the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were the highest in high amount of fruit branches returned to the field treatment. Different soil improvement measures significantly increased the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil, which showed that cow dung combined with earthworms was the highest,followed by high amount of fruit branches returned to the field, followed by chemical measures and medium amount of fruit branches returned to the field. Different soil improvement measures significantly improved fruit quality. Compared with CK,the single fruit weight and soluble solids of apple fruit increased by 22.5%～61.5% and 18.0%～20.7% respectively, and the increase was the largest in the treatment of cow dung combined with earthworms; the solid acid ratio of each treatment increased significantly compared with CK. In conclusion, soil improvement can significantly promote apple growth, increase soil fertility and improve fruit quality, and the effect of cow dung combined with earthworms soil is the best.更多还原